count source_label source_id relationship target_label target_id entity_type solr_id publication_id sentences 6 UNIPROT:Q9NZV5 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein f8de8a1e-3c65-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.004 " LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively.|||LAMA2-MD and SELENON-RM are caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) genes, respectively." 4 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates GO:0010148 Phenotype 608125c4-1bef-11f0-b759-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108652 In a study on alfalfa,Lamm et al. (2021)demonstrated that SSDI effectively increased crop yields by augmenting crop transpiration while reducing soil moisture evaporation and surface water catchment. 4 UNIPROT:Q14790 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein baffcaf6-bc3f-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2064871 7A, overexpression of zebrafish Casp8 in HeLa cells increased the proportion of the cellular population found in a sub-G1 fraction, indicating one of apoptotic characteristics (Lamm et al., 1997). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:Q9NZV5 Protein f8de8a1e-3c65-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.004 " LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively." 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:Q15465 Protein 0320abe4-bbe5-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00250-1 Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by prostatic buds and urogenital sinus epithelium(Lamm et al., 2002; Podlasek et al., 1999). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D034381 Phenotype 9be0e884-bc54-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.019 Hearing loss by hypoxia can be caused by reduction of blood flow (Lamm and Arnold, 1996). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits GO:0000165 Phenotype 44de1986-c7c6-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103526 Laminin subunit alpha-2 (LAMA2) has been suggested to suppress MAPK signaling. 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D014947 Phenotype 5f9f898a-3555-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 10713508 These studies have shown that acute acoustic trauma induced by gunshots (Kuokkanen et al., 1997; Lamm et al., 1998) and impulse-noise (Lamm et al., 1998) is effectively treated with hyperbaric oxygenation. 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009369 Phenotype 9f353f64-c481-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 22585689 Lamm et al27found significantly reduced tumor incidence and tumor volume (P< .001) and significantly increased survival (P= .001) of mice after immunization before tumor transplantation compared with immunization after tumor transplantation. 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits GO:0043696 Phenotype 607ca722-bc42-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4670689 Addition of LAMA2 partially blocks cell culture induced dedifferentiation of beta cells (Figure S2B). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates FPLX:Hedgehog ProteinFamily 0320abe4-bbe5-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00250-1 Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by prostatic buds and urogenital sinus epithelium(Lamm et al., 2002; Podlasek et al., 1999). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates FPLX:GPCR ProteinFamily 0e0453be-3548-11e9-9cf0-001a4a160175 29335257 Superantigen-LAMA2 complexes signal through an NPS 2143–sensitive CaSR-type GPCR As superantigens activate GPCR signaling, we next investigated GPCR candidates that might be activated by SEE and LAMA2. 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates GO:0042110 Phenotype 0e0453be-3548-11e9-9cf0-001a4a160175 29335257 Taken together, these data demonstrate an important role of LAMA2 in superantigen-triggered T cell activation.|||It is plausible that the effect of LAMA2 in activating the alternative pathway of T cell activation by superantigens involves a coordinated response of multiple CaSR-type GPCRs that interact with laminin. 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype ec354a4a-bc46-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC2185083 This genetic defect causes a severe and progressive muscular dystrophy thought to be analogous to the many human congenital muscular dystrophies caused by LAMA2 mutations.|||Many severe congenital muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene and are marked by basement membrane defects in both muscle and the nervous system (46). 2 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009468 Phenotype f8de8a1e-3c65-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.004 "Voermans, Nicol C. LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively.||| LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively." 2 UNIPROT:P11912 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein f9d863f8-bc41-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.09.012 Of all isotypes, IgA is less likely to initiate complement or pro-inflammatory responses (Corthesy and Spertini, 1999; Lamm, 1997; Zeitlin et al., 2000). 2 UNIPROT:P35442 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P10451 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:Q15465 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein dff48ac8-bbe4-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.11.018 Our interpretation of the role ofShhin prostate formation is consistent with the known roles of the Hh pathway in other tissues, such as lung and hair follicles, and supports the proposed role of the Shh target BMP4 in limiting prostatic ductal branching(Lamm et al., 2001). 2 UNIPROT:P02462 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P08572 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P48436 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P02461 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P12644 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein dff48ac8-bbe4-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.11.018 Our interpretation of the role ofShhin prostate formation is consistent with the known roles of the Hh pathway in other tissues, such as lung and hair follicles, and supports the proposed role of the Shh target BMP4 in limiting prostatic ductal branching(Lamm et al., 2001). 2 UNIPROT:P08670 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P16284 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:A0A217EJJ0 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 4601a432-862d-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106764 Compared with 100% of plant evapotranspiration rates (ETr) irrigation treatment, alfalfa can be irrigated in 70% or 85% ETr of SDI without reducing yield or quality (Lamm et al., 2013). 2 UNIPROT:P08123 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 UNIPROT:P51884 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 320ea6f2-1a83-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.genrep.2024.102001 In addition, the PPI network reviewed top 10 genes (COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL15A1, COL16A1, LAMA2, LUM, SPP1, and THBS2) out of 81 upregulated overlapping DEGs by the cytoHubba's MCC algorithm, or COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, LUM, PECAM1, SOX9, SPP1, THBS2, and VIM by the cytoHubba's Degree algorithm. 2 MESH:D005483 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Phenotype 597e56e8-1bc2-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108702 However, greater flushing velocity may increase system maintenance costs (Lamm, Camp, 2007). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits UNIPROT:P42574 Protein 8dcfcdda-c7f6-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.011 Additionally,Lama2-deficient animals or myoblasts isolated from oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophic mice treated with doxycycline had reduced BAX, CASP3 activity, and TUNEL-positive myonuclei[105,106], which at an early age increases skeletal muscle cross-sectional area[105]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:Q07812 Protein 8dcfcdda-c7f6-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.011 Additionally,Lama2-deficient animals or myoblasts isolated from oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophic mice treated with doxycycline had reduced BAX, CASP3 activity, and TUNEL-positive myonuclei[105,106], which at an early age increases skeletal muscle cross-sectional area[105]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:P05455 Protein 6d85eaa0-ae94-11ec-b4ed-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8144722 In a demyelination paradigm, pericyte secretion of the extracellular matrix protein LAMA2 could stimulate OPC differentiation (De La Fuente et al., 2017), raising the possibility that pericytes also promote differentiation during development via matrix deposition. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 increases UNIPROT:O29033 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 These experiments showed that loss of LAMA2 in EP cells led to the reduction of PDX1+/NKX6.1+cell formation and key TFs expression. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 decreases UNIPROT:O29033 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 These experiments showed that loss of LAMA2 in EP cells led to the reduction of PDX1+/NKX6.1+cell formation and key TFs expression. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 increases UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 2236bbd6-746f-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s10565-022-09763-9 However, simultaneous knockdown of LINC01270 and LAMA2 did not significantly change LINC01270 expression but reduced LAMA2 expression (Fig.7D). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:P60484 Protein 74809d04-ae95-11ec-a61d-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8576270 Lama2 is a tumor suppressor by changes in its expression and methylation patterns and can modulate PTEN to exert effects on PI3K/AKT signaling (Wang et al., 2019). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates UNIPROT:P01588 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 Overall, our study revealed the LAMA2-mediated regulatory mechanism of EP cells differentiation and developed a biomimetic carrier for cell transplantation to enhanceSC-β cell function and survival in patients with T1D. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates CHEBI:74088 Chemical 093d44ba-ae96-11ec-8b2e-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8856723 The research found that the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which sense motivational conflict and process negative emotions, were activated by norm violations (Rawls and Lamm, 2021). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits GO:0000165 Phenotype 2236bbd6-746f-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s10565-022-09763-9 Collectively, LAMA2 could inhibit the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway to suppress the malignant features of BC cells. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits GO:0008283 Phenotype 607ca722-bc42-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4670689 While LGALS1 addition resulted in a significant increase of proliferation, LAMA2 reduced proliferation of pancreatic progenitors. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009369 Phenotype 3017a146-bbf6-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4427258 Extravesical mortality rates of 32% and 44%, with disease in the ureters and prostatic urethra, respectively, were seen in this cohort of patients.51 Lamm showed that compared with a single induction course, the introduction of maintenance BCG reduced tumor recurrence in high-risk patients from 52% to 25%.45This benefit was seen over a 7-year period. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009361 Phenotype ef71f9aa-da64-11e6-bf22-001a4ae51246 PMC5225314 Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed that pgsA745 cells also contain a deletion in the gene encoding laminin subunit α2 (Lama2), which diminished bacterial invasion. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 Overall, our study revealed the LAMA2-mediated regulatory mechanism of EP cells differentiation and developed a biomimetic carrier for cell transplantation to enhanceSC-β cell function and survival in patients with T1D. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype 6d85eaa0-ae94-11ec-b4ed-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8144722 In a demyelination paradigm, pericyte secretion of the extracellular matrix protein LAMA2 could stimulate OPC differentiation (De La Fuente et al., 2017), raising the possibility that pericytes also promote differentiation during development via matrix deposition. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D051379 Phenotype 9f353f64-c481-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 22585689 Lamm et al27found significantly reduced tumor incidence and tumor volume (P< .001) and significantly increased survival (P= .001) of mice after immunization before tumor transplantation compared with immunization after tumor transplantation. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D003094 Phenotype 2ff0c504-bc04-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.009 I will discuss molecular therapeutic approaches and their clinical potential in the major forms congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) that affect the interaction of the muscle fibers with the extracellular matrix: ,erosin deficient CMD caused by mutations in LAMA2, the alpha-dystroglycanopathies caused by mutations in genes involved in O-mannosyl linked glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, and the collagen VI related CMDs, caused by mutations in COL6A1, A2, and A3. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D006317 Phenotype 5755d40a-bc44-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/S1672-2930(09)50006-2 Lamm and Arnold found that the blood flow promoting drugs, such as hydroxyethyl starch, pentoxifylline and ginkgo biloba, could compensate cochlear ischemia and reduce noise-induced hearing loss[87]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D018450 Phenotype 2c2dfc60-ccaf-11ee-9aaa-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.urols.2014.07.002 Lamm et al8reported in the Southwest Oncology Group study that 3-year BCG maintenance therapy markedly prolonged the recurrence-free survival and time to disease progression in comparison with conventional induction therapy. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D008279 Phenotype 3e2a3efa-37a3-11e6-aaca-001a4ae51246 PMC4713405 Lamm et al demonstrated joint space widening with fibrocartilage formation and decreased subchondral bone thickness in MRI after arthrodiastasis (Lamm & Gourdine-Shaw2009) The main complications of arthrodiastasis are related to infections, neurovascular lesions, hardware failure and damage to ankle ligaments (DiDomenico & Gatalyak2012). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 04019648-5cc7-11e7-86a3-001a4ae51246 PMC5240538 Background: Laminin α2 deficient congenital muscular dystrophy, caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, is characterized by early muscle weakness associated with abnormal white matter signal on cerebral MRI. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 57647108-c704-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103323 Decreased Clec3b levels can reduce the rate of osteoarthritis, increased Nrtn levels may improve motor coordination [54,57], and decreased Lama2 levels may reduce muscular dystrophy [58]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 4b3fa416-bc35-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC4667915 Mutation in the LAMA2 gene causes merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) [47]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 6729e564-bc54-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3759654 Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in human LAMA2 gene. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 1b4aa2b2-bc15-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4096842 Mutations in human LAMA2 cause a congenital form of muscular dystrophy called merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy (Tome et al., 1994;Kanagawa and Toda, 2006;Carmignac and Durbeej, 2012) and COL6 mutations cause Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (Bertini et al., 2011;Bönnemann, 2011;Grässel and Bauer, 2013;Pan et al., 2013), highlighting the importance of an appropriately organized muscle ECM. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 959f630e-c471-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC2789400 Mutations in LAMA2, the gene for the extracellular matrix protein laminin-alpha2, cause a severe muscular dystrophy termed congenital muscular dystrophy type-1A (MDC1A). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype f8de8a1e-3c65-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.004 " LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively." 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 23877fba-bc04-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.377 Mutations in LAMA2, the gene encoding the laminin-alpha2 chain of the extracellular matrix of muscle cells, cause a rare and severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy, called MDC1A. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 5d98bb7a-ae96-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8629007 MDC1A is a muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in lama2 but laminin-111 protein therapy significantly improves pathology of mouse models for MDC1A [53]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 910933fc-bc8f-11e7-b7ac-001a4a160176 PMC5678264 LAMA2-congenital muscular dystrophy-related dystrophy (also known as congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 deficiency, merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy, MDC1A)LAMA2-CMD-related dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD-RD) is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, locating on the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q22-q23) and encoding the α2 heavy chain of the laminin 211 isoform, also known as merosin. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 390f7d86-c828-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 PMC10192047 In addition, deleterious LAMA2 gene variants in humans can lead to LAMA2 muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD), which can also include cardiac involvement; predominantly DCM, right bundle branch block, mitral valve prolapse and variable other changes in cardiac function. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype 535b4a9c-ae96-11ec-89b1-0050569a791b PMCPMC8287797 LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy including LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) and autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-23 (LGMDR23) is caused by LAMA2 pathogenic variants. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D009136 Phenotype 1b4aa2b2-bc15-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4096842 A mouse model for congenital muscular dystrophy caused by Lama2 deficiency can be treated effectively by injecting recombinant Laminin1-1-1 trimer (Rooney et al., 2012). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates MESH:D009136 Phenotype afb90712-bbdf-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00885-6 Mutations of the merosin (laminin-α2) gene (LAMA-2) cause the commonest form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), referred to as merosin-deficient CMD (MCMD)[15]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits MESH:D012008 Phenotype 3017a146-bbf6-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4427258 Extravesical mortality rates of 32% and 44%, with disease in the ureters and prostatic urethra, respectively, were seen in this cohort of patients.51 Lamm showed that compared with a single induction course, the introduction of maintenance BCG reduced tumor recurrence in high-risk patients from 52% to 25%.45This benefit was seen over a 7-year period. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates GO:0014902 Phenotype 83e516b6-ab2c-11e6-8237-001a4ae51246 PMC5023573 Alternatively, there is a synergistic effect between FGF1 and the 3 LAMA2 peptides that promotes myotube differentiation. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates FPLX:ACC ProteinFamily 093d44ba-ae96-11ec-8b2e-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8856723 The research found that the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which sense motivational conflict and process negative emotions, were activated by norm violations (Rawls and Lamm, 2021). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates FPLX:PI3K ProteinFamily 18a8942a-7d22-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s10142-023-00972-x The obtained data suggested that SOX4 knockdown increased the expression of LAMA2 and reduced that of PI3K and p-AKT, while MEX3A overexpression reversed the results, signifying that SOX4 encouraged the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway via MEX3A (Fig.6A). 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 increases FPLX:VEGF ProteinFamily 0535ad32-8f2f-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s13577-022-00673-w LAMA2 can also interact with EGF to promote the expression of integrins and VEGF, and then support tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of lung and breast cancers [35]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates PF:PF02627 ProteinFamily afb90712-bbdf-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00885-6 Mutations of the merosin (laminin-α2) gene (LAMA-2) cause the commonest form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), referred to as merosin-deficient CMD (MCMD)[15]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 activates PF:PF02627 ProteinFamily 3f1afeae-bbfb-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3332154 LAMA2-related CMD is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, encoding the heavy α2 chain of the laminin 211 isoform (α2/β1/γ1).15-18 LAMA2 is also called merosin and this form of CMD is denominated as primary LAMA2 or merosin deficiency and in the genetic nomenclature, it is also defined as MDC1A. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits PF:PF02627 ProteinFamily 2ff0c504-bc04-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.009 I will discuss molecular therapeutic approaches and their clinical potential in the major forms congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) that affect the interaction of the muscle fibers with the extracellular matrix: ,erosin deficient CMD caused by mutations in LAMA2, the alpha-dystroglycanopathies caused by mutations in genes involved in O-mannosyl linked glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, and the collagen VI related CMDs, caused by mutations in COL6A1, A2, and A3. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits PF:PF02627 ProteinFamily 50c29164-ae96-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8618982 LAMA2 loss of function variants were shown to cause severe laminin α2-related CMD in humans, mouse models, and in one previously described dog. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 increases FPLX:Integrins ProteinFamily 0535ad32-8f2f-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s13577-022-00673-w LAMA2 can also interact with EGF to promote the expression of integrins and VEGF, and then support tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of lung and breast cancers [35]. 1 LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 inhibits FPLX:AKT ProteinFamily 18a8942a-7d22-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s10142-023-00972-x The obtained data suggested that SOX4 knockdown increased the expression of LAMA2 and reduced that of PI3K and p-AKT, while MEX3A overexpression reversed the results, signifying that SOX4 encouraged the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway via MEX3A (Fig.6A). 1 CHEBI:41001 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Chemical da22f448-79f7-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s00432-023-05206-y Previous studies have shown that BCG can reduce both the recurrence rate and the progression rate (Lamm et al.16; Morales et al.18). 1 CHEBI:41001 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Chemical 2c2dfc60-ccaf-11ee-9aaa-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.urols.2014.07.002 Among them, the largest study was reported by Lamm et al that 3-year BCG maintenance therapy may prolong the recurrent free survival.8The aim of our study was to prove that BCG maintenance therapy is more beneficial than induction only and to investigate the optimal duration for maintenance therapy. 1 UNIPROT:P03971 glycosylatesProtein LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 390f7d86-c828-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 PMC10192047 J, Mis-glycosylated alpha 2 subunit (Lama2) of Laminin-211 interferes with the activation of the Pi3K/Akt signaling pathway in Pgm2 cKO. 1 UNIPROT:P16949 increases LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 35af035a-c467-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 24301677 "As with our experiments examining the regulation of MPZ levels in Schwann cells, there was no significant reduction inLAMA2gene expression in SMA-derived Schwann cells, again suggesting that low levels of SMN were modulating LAMA2 levels via post-translational mechanisms rather than gene transcription (Fig.9g)." 1 UNIPROT:P52945 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 In summary, LAMA2 regulated the FOXA2+/GATA6+cells formation and promoted the PP cells fate by FOXA2, GATA6, and PDX1 activation. 1 UNIPROT:Q16363 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 062d1d8e-88d0-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s10620-021-07252-3 In CD patients, downregulation of LMα2 (LAMA2) with concomitant upregulation of LMα1 (LAMA1) and LMα3 (LAMA3) in the crypt area, the latter being mostly absent in normal crypts, leads to the idea that other LMs that contain LMα1 (LAMA1) and LMα3 (LAMA3) replace the normal LMα2 (LAMA2) crypt LM. 1 UNIPROT:P02743 increases LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 0e0453be-3548-11e9-9cf0-001a4a160175 29335257 The minimal IL-2 response remaining in LAMA2-deficient T cells is likely secondary to the low levels of LAMA2 expression by the APCs, or to other coreceptors. 1 UNIPROT:P43351 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein a73b3ae1-f581-11eb-8881-001a4a160175 33156376 We suggested previously that the central recombination factor Rad52 and the telomerase subunit Est1 can provide alternative telomere protection and repress DDR and T-TF (Lamm et al.2012). 1 UNIPROT:Q9Y261 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 In summary, LAMA2 regulated the FOXA2+/GATA6+cells formation and promoted the PP cells fate by FOXA2, GATA6, and PDX1 activation. 1 UNIPROT:P24043 increases LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 2236bbd6-746f-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s10565-022-09763-9 However, simultaneous knockdown of LINC01270 and LAMA2 did not significantly change LINC01270 expression but reduced LAMA2 expression (Fig.7D). 1 UNIPROT:Q92908 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein d784a310-c9cc-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121882 In summary, LAMA2 regulated the FOXA2+/GATA6+cells formation and promoted the PP cells fate by FOXA2, GATA6, and PDX1 activation. 1 MESH:D051379 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Phenotype 21a7607e-c47a-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 21246659 For instance, previous work in mice has shown that expression ofLama1in the skeletal muscle can rescue a Lama2-deficient dystrophic phenotype (Gawlik et al.,2004), althoughLama1is not normally expressed in the skeletal muscle. 1 FPLX:Troponin:C activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 ProteinFamily 8b0e956a-bc36-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3151242 TN-C expression was markedly increased inLama2(−)(Lama2−/−) muscles at this age (Figure 1C). 1 UNIPROT:P11487 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein d0717c1e-ae95-11ec-8b2e-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8544219 LAMM is caused by mutations in the FGF3 gene [14,15]. 1 UNIPROT:A1L020 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 73e0c068-75f9-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s12072-023-10565-2 However, Liang et al. [23] suggested that MEX3A directly bound to LAMA2 mRNA and MEX3A decreased the stability of LAMA2 mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma. 1 MESH:D010146 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Phenotype fc536924-c471-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 PMC2827457 disgust, taste, pain) raises the question whether these activations can indeed be interpreted as shared representations’ (Singer & Lamm 2009, p. 87). 1 MESH:D002277 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Phenotype fb1dcf68-bc2e-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2360556 It is therefore of interest that intravesical treatment of superficial carcinoma with BCG vaccine appears to reduce both disease recurrence and progression (Lamm, 2000). 1 UNIPROT:P25391 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 07c195c8-c482-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 22859503 "First, lama1 contributes to myotome stability and muscle attachment in the absence of lama2, despite only being expressed within the notochord at the time when these attachments are being formed." 1 UNIPROT:P25391 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 14ccbd14-c479-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 21834081 Here, transgenic expression of LAMA1, the gene that encodes α1 laminin, almost fully rescues the PNS myelination defects in LAMA2−/− (dy3K) mice (Gawlik etal.,2006). 1 UNIPROT:P42768 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 0fb4e3b6-c848-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151315 Interestingly, WASP, which activates the Arp2/3 complex in the cytoplasm (Gautreau et al., 2022) and cell nucleus (Lamm et al., 2020; Schrank et al., 2018), can directly act on RPA and enables its docking to the repair site at the replication fork, which is essential for the correct execution of RSR (Han et al., 2022). 1 UNIPROT:O95977 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 0e0453be-3548-11e9-9cf0-001a4a160175 29335257 Of interest, the S1PR4 antagonist CYM 50358 inhibited the alternative T cell signaling in a dose-dependent manner (Supplemental Fig. 4B) suggesting that it may also be involved in superantigen-induced LAMA2 signaling. 1 UNIPROT:Q06945 decreases LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Protein 18a8942a-7d22-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s10142-023-00972-x The obtained data suggested that SOX4 knockdown increased the expression of LAMA2 and reduced that of PI3K and p-AKT, while MEX3A overexpression reversed the results, signifying that SOX4 encouraged the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway via MEX3A (Fig.6A). 1 MESH:D019308 activates LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 Phenotype 441b08b0-c8f7-11ee-b346-0050569a791b PMC9898624 In terms of functional heterogeneity, c16 activates LAMA2, ITGAV, ITGA8 genes more tensely than other clusters. 1 PF:PF10374 inhibits LAMA2 UNIPROT:P24043 ProteinFamily a73b3ae1-f581-11eb-8881-001a4a160175 33156376 We suggested previously that the central recombination factor Rad52 and the telomerase subunit Est1 can provide alternative telomere protection and repress DDR and T-TF (Lamm et al.2012).