count source_label source_id relationship target_label target_id entity_type solr_id publication_id sentences 16 UNIPROT:P43629 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 04e7d83a-6c6b-11e6-9b08-001a4ae51246 10.1074/jbc.273.42.27518 Thus, KIR-associated SHP-1 is able to inhibit lymphocyte activation by acting at or downstream of the point of Syk family PTK activation. 8 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 73ac441e-377f-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 10998524 In both mouse[31]and human[86], lymphocyte activation led to the induction of ORL1 mRNA expression, suggesting an autocrine role in immunocompetence (antibody production, proliferation). 8 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0002377 Phenotype 73ac441e-377f-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 10998524 In both mouse[31]and human[86], lymphocyte activation led to the induction of ORL1 mRNA expression, suggesting an autocrine role in immunocompetence (antibody production, proliferation). 8 GO:0006119 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 78c96508-3770-11e8-a34b-001a4a160175 12833245 Table 2Dose Effect Relationships of CorticosteroidsPrednisolone DosesMechanismsOnset of ActionLow dosesGenomicAfter 30 minHigh dose up to 300 mg/dayGenomic effects increase with higher doses300-1000 mg/dayNongenomic receptor-mediated effects1-2 min1000 mg/day or greaterPhysicochemical membrane interactionssecondsMEP at high doses (1000 mg) in vitro inhibits calcium and sodium movement across plasma membranes, increases proton permeability, and partially uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, which may inhibit lymphocyte activation. 6 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype b4ebc244-0502-11f0-bb39-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.013 The GO analysis between Pre and day1 showed several pathways with FDR significance, including those related to inflammation and immunity such as “immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway”, “lymphocyte activation”, “T cell activation”, and “immune system process”.|||Comparison between samples from Pre and those from day1 showed many significant differences in immune response and inflammatory related signals such as immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway”, “lymphocyte activation”, “T cell activation”, “immune system process” in GO terms as well as “T cell receptor signaling pathway” in KEGG term all at FDR significant level. 6 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c38acf5a-3757-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 27522179 These results suggest that cyclopamine suppression of PDL-1 expression may augment lymphocyte activation.|||Suppression of PDL-1 expression in cancer cells by cyclopamine augments lymphocyte activation We next sought to understand how a change in PDL-1 expression affects lymphocyte function. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0019882 Phenotype 1ccd0a22-376e-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 16338208 The pleiotropic effects of statins on immune cells including inhibition of lymphocyte activation by blocking antigen presentation, reduction of lymphocyte proliferation, and reduction of cytokine and growth factor expression suggest that these agents may exert novel therapeutic effects on immunologically mediated disorders. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 4ac9cbe0-3746-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 26223235 Spleen, a major peripheral lymphoid organ in the chicken, is one of the major sites involved in initiating lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which are all essential to initiate the immune response againstC. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype cc2b51ec-ea0c-11ef-b449-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106958 Suppression of PRMT1 significantly upregulates pathways associated with immune responses, including lymphocyte activation and T-cell activation, potentially enhancing anti-tumor immune surveillance. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0046651 Phenotype 1ccd0a22-376e-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 16338208 The pleiotropic effects of statins on immune cells including inhibition of lymphocyte activation by blocking antigen presentation, reduction of lymphocyte proliferation, and reduction of cytokine and growth factor expression suggest that these agents may exert novel therapeutic effects on immunologically mediated disorders. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 50bc13ae-354e-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 15907417 This is in agreement with the hypothesis that lymphocyte activation, as an adaptive immune response, helps modulating the innate inflammatory response[13,29]. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0009405 Phenotype e95c6476-c8de-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 PMC1895761 Lymphocytes are not required forMaypLp/Lpdisease pathogenesis To investigate whether autoantibodies and lymphocyte activation are necessary for pathogenesis or are merely inflammation associated, we introduced theLupomutation onto the lymphocyte-deficient Rag1-/-25background.MaypLp/Lpanimals (inbred C3H) were crossed with C57BL/6J Rag1-/-mice, and the offspring were intercrossed.|||To investigate whether autoantibodies and lymphocyte activation are necessary for pathogenesis or are merely inflammation associated, we introduced theLupomutation onto the lymphocyte-deficient Rag1-/-25background.MaypLp/Lpanimals (inbred C3H) were crossed with C57BL/6J Rag1-/-mice, and the offspring were intercrossed. 4 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 875ae0c0-335f-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 25620131 It is well established that lymphocyte activation is essential to induce inflammation.|||Auraptene suppresses T cell activation It is well established that lymphocyte activation is essential to induce inflammation. 4 CHEBI:25016 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 2be931d4-3403-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 26549173 Pb suppresses the immune system by interfering with lymphocyte activation and signaling cascades (especially those associated with Ca) at the surface of cells[69]. 4 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9b7df904-bbff-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.157 These results indicate that Anti-OPN mAb F8E11 was able to inhibit PHA induced lymphocyte activation which is OPN dependent. 4 UNIPROT:O43602 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c5e8ae4e-5c96-11e7-af4d-001a4ae51247 PMC4783265 Clusters formed by specialized accessory cells such as dendritic cells (DC), after mitogenic or allogenic stimulation, were necessary for lymphocyte activation to occur. 4 GO:0044805 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 87586e56-aba9-11e6-9ac8-001a4ae51246 PMC4639456 Studies using modern imaging techniques have significantly improved the understanding of immune cell migratory behavior and cellular interactions in the LN that lead to lymphocyte activation and differentiation as well as memory responses. 4 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein d6d26ba2-3510-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 26653551 Meanwhile, CRT-sPD1 significantly promoted murine splenocyte proliferation probably associated with blocking negative signal pathway mediated by PD-L1, which contributes to lymphocyte activation. 4 IP:IPR018466 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 9b1a307c-bbd7-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.03.001 Furthermore, there is evidence that also antibody-mediated cross-linking of GPI-anchored proteins is sufficient to stimulate lymphocyte activation. 4 MESH:D000077592 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0298299a-3906-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 PMC5314813 To determine whether maraviroc modulates lymphocyte activation, we monitored the expression of activation markers CD38, HLA-DR, CD69, and CD25 on T cells. 4 MESH:D009369 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 11cdfc04-1c35-11f0-b40b-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.002 These examples highlight a few of the mechanisms by which the TECs of the tumor vascular niche promote myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression and suppress lymphocyte activation. 4 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 7d022d56-bc4a-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.029 Phytohemagglutinin is a mitogen that stimulates cell proliferation and agglutination, both consequences of monocyte and lymphocyte activation. 4 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 760c73f2-bc0a-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.virol.2004.07.007 PHA is a mitogen that stimulates cell proliferation and agglutination, both consequences of monocyte and lymphocyte activation. 4 FPLX:IL1 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily afaa0d42-bbf4-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC1855244 IL-1 increases the access of effector cells to infection sites, while IL-6 induces lymphocyte activation[34]. 4 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily bee3cbd0-bc1d-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.004 Bacillus anthracis-derived LF and EF have also been shown, at sublethal dose in mice, to suppress TCR-mediated lymphocyte activation (Comer et al., 2005). 4 FPLX:G:alpha activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 91503014-c8ed-11e5-8b47-001a4ae51246 PMC3752978 Severe colitis can be induced by transfer of Gαi2−/−CD3+T cells into RAG−/−recipients but with the advantage of more predictable onset of disease.18TL1A is a tumor necrosis factor–like molecule that promotes lymphocyte activation in the intestinal mucosa. 4 UNIPROT:P19256 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 3e7ff0f4-bc4f-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC1986836 CD44 and CD58, both known to mediate lymphocyte activation and homing as a result of up-regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines, are also adhesion molecules which were specifically up-regulated 18–48h post-vaccination. 4 MESH:D007455 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 91503014-c8ed-11e5-8b47-001a4ae51246 PMC3752978 Severe colitis can be induced by transfer of Gαi2−/−CD3+T cells into RAG−/−recipients but with the advantage of more predictable onset of disease.18TL1A is a tumor necrosis factor–like molecule that promotes lymphocyte activation in the intestinal mucosa. 4 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein afaa0d42-bbf4-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC1855244 IL-1 increases the access of effector cells to infection sites, while IL-6 induces lymphocyte activation[34]. 4 MESH:D007239 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 07daa538-cb8d-11e5-984a-001a4ae51247 10647937 This, of course, might be partly attributable to the fact that normally, the absence of infection and innate immunity prevents lymphocyte activation. 4 UNIPROT:P16070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 3e7ff0f4-bc4f-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC1986836 CD44 and CD58, both known to mediate lymphocyte activation and homing as a result of up-regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines, are also adhesion molecules which were specifically up-regulated 18–48h post-vaccination. 4 UNIPROT:P21815 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein fc16bcea-3409-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 27865796 These results indicated that BSP might inhibit lymphocyte activation and secretion of related cytokinesviasuppressing the activation of macrophages. 4 MESH:D016572 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 848cd55a-bbda-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00278-3 The cyclophilin inhibitors, cyclosporine (CsA) and FK 506, effectively suppress lymphocyte activation and currently represent the backbone of maintenance antirejection regimens in organ transplant recipients. 4 UNIPROT:O60880 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 57ce15a0-3528-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 25241079 XLP-1 is caused by defects in the SH2D1A gene encoding the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) while XLP-2 is caused by defects in the BIRC4 gene encoding X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). 4 UNIPROT:P30988 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 63791acc-8d7f-11e7-bc62-001a4ae51247 PMC5600616 The calcitonin receptor CALCR mRNA and protein were shown to be overexpressed in CLL cells compared to healthy B cells and it is suspected that an increase in CALCR expression increases the concentration of intracellular calcium to promote lymphocyte activation and proliferation[56]. 4 GO:0045087 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 07daa538-cb8d-11e5-984a-001a4ae51247 10647937 This, of course, might be partly attributable to the fact that normally, the absence of infection and innate immunity prevents lymphocyte activation. 4 UNIPROT:P18621 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b297f5ac-1acf-11f0-aa93-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107465 Under normal physiological conditions, the interaction of PD1 with its ligands (PDL1 or PDL2) prevents (i) excessive lymphocyte activation, (ii) excessive inflammation, (iii) destructive autoimmunity, and (iv) maintains immune tolerance to self-antigens by negatively regulating the immune response. 4 GO:0002376 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b4ebc244-0502-11f0-bb39-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.013 The GO analysis between Pre and day1 showed several pathways with FDR significance, including those related to inflammation and immunity such as “immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway”, “lymphocyte activation”, “T cell activation”, and “immune system process”. 4 FPLX:LFA:1 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily c61e1614-0d65-11f0-b759-0050569a791b 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00132-1 These studies may suggest that LFA-1–ICAM-1 interactions mediate both lymphocyte and monocyte adhesion, as well as lymphocyte activation in GCA lesions. 4 CHEBI:29013 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 77478f06-bbdb-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jns.2004.04.025 Fusidic acid inhibits lymphocyte activation by IL-1, IL-2 and IL-6. 4 UNIPROT:G4ZHR3 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 57ce15a0-3528-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 25241079 XLP-1 is caused by defects in the SH2D1A gene encoding the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) while XLP-2 is caused by defects in the BIRC4 gene encoding X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). 4 FPLX:Phosphatase inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily e311a7f4-380d-11e6-8a17-001a4ae51247 PMC4397155 PTPN22 Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), encodes the tyrosine phosphatase, LYP, that negatively regulates lymphocyte activation downstream of both the BCR and T cell antigen receptor (TCR).|||Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), encodes the tyrosine phosphatase, LYP, that negatively regulates lymphocyte activation downstream of both the BCR and T cell antigen receptor (TCR). 4 CHEBI:8116 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical bb7c5f6c-bc26-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00110-8 T cell activation induced by peptide–scMHC tetramers detected by the CellScan Lymphocyte activation induced by mitogenic lectins such as PHA or ConA or by phorbol esther decreases the fluorescence polarization (FP) of FDA-labeled cells, which can be monitored by the CellScan(Deutsch et al., 2000; Kaplan et al., 1997).|||Lymphocyte activation induced by mitogenic lectins such as PHA or ConA or by phorbol esther decreases the fluorescence polarization (FP) of FDA-labeled cells, which can be monitored by the CellScan(Deutsch et al., 2000; Kaplan et al., 1997). 4 UNIPROT:O60880 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e311a7f4-380d-11e6-8a17-001a4ae51247 PMC4397155 PTPN22 Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), encodes the tyrosine phosphatase, LYP, that negatively regulates lymphocyte activation downstream of both the BCR and T cell antigen receptor (TCR).|||Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), encodes the tyrosine phosphatase, LYP, that negatively regulates lymphocyte activation downstream of both the BCR and T cell antigen receptor (TCR). 4 UNIPROT:P08922 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1257ebee-390c-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 25175493 ROS after PMA stimulation in B cells of patients with CGD Small and localized amounts of ROS have been reported to modulate lymphocyte activation and proliferation.8To investigate whether the above-described alteration in B-cell proliferation from patients with CGD is related to NADPH oxidase activity, we used a flow cytometric assay to specifically measure ROS levels in B cells from patients with CGD and HCs after B-cell activation.|||Small and localized amounts of ROS have been reported to modulate lymphocyte activation and proliferation.8To investigate whether the above-described alteration in B-cell proliferation from patients with CGD is related to NADPH oxidase activity, we used a flow cytometric assay to specifically measure ROS levels in B cells from patients with CGD and HCs after B-cell activation. 3 MESH:D008982 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 360756e2-bc54-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.07.002 Even so, soluble Mo was recently reported to induce monocyte up-regulation of T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in human monocytes/macrophages, while Mo ions and Co–Cr–Mo alloy particles induced metal and individual-specific proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation[11]. 3 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 62ee4ca2-c9ff-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 15585778 "Furthermore, because the function of CD69 is not known, the implications and relevance of the effects of CLA on mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation are not clear.|||In conclusion, CLA did not affect lymphocyte subpopulations, ex vivo cytokine production, or serum CRP concentrations, but bothcis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-10,cis-12 CLA decreased mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation in a dose-dependent manner.|||Finally, it is notable that in the current study, the effect of CLA with respect to mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation was not specific to thecis-9,trans-11 or thetrans-10,cis-12 isomer." 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 73982996-1be5-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110761 Accordingly, peptide induced lymphocyte activation signals the initiation of an immune response. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006955 Phenotype fd9cb046-328d-11e9-913f-001a4a160175 PMC6463702 "Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), an inhibitory co-receptor with structural similarities to CD4, has been shown to negatively regulate autoimmunity, cancer immunity, and infectious immunity by itself or in collaboration with other inhibitory co-receptors, including PD-1 (5–10)." 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0061025 Phenotype 4fb1fe7c-9352-11e7-955b-001a4ae51246 12573619 Attachment, mediated by H, is followed by membrane fusion mediated by F. CDw150, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) a receptor involved in T-cell activation[6], is a cellular receptor for MV[7]and can be used by both vaccine strains and wild-type strains. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 199f45e8-ca5d-11e5-a3f7-001a4ae51246 12923194 However, lymphocyte activation leads to associated proliferation via autocrine production of IL-2 (38). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 1b169f58-3413-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 9670848 Inhibition of lymphocyte activation (Cookmills et al., 1995) and alterations in the human natural killer cell activity (Schedlowski et al., 1993;Vredevoe et al., 1995) have been shown after NE pretreatment.l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa) and Dopamine (DA) inhibit both proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes (Slominski and Goodman Snitkoff, 1992;Bergquist et al., 1994). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006412 Phenotype c0c01536-bc26-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.020 Lymphocyte activation causes global increases in nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis and alters pH, redox potential, and ionic constituency of the intracellular environment. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042110 Phenotype e4bf47c4-3904-11e8-a34b-001a4a160175 28736117 Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and MHC-II Ligation of LAG-3 on (i) CD4+T cells to MHC-II on DCs, and (ii) CD8+T cells to LSECtin on DCs negatively regulates T cell activation by inhibiting T cell receptor (TCR) signalling, and preventing T cell proliferation, IL-2 production and Th1 polarisation (Anderson et al., 2016). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042110 Phenotype 2c23be80-f180-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/S1297-319X(03)00007-1 Lymphocyte activation genes Mutations affecting the polymorphism of the gene encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which inhibits T-cell activation, have been found in a population of 113 Japanese patients with SLE[38]. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0002377 Phenotype d3067b94-cd20-11e5-b6ad-001a4ae51246 8557657 In these experiments and consistent with a more general role of EPR-1 and other protease receptors in lymphocyte activation mechanisms(8), mAb 2E1 completely inhibited lymphocyte proliferation (IC50∼ 0.1 μg/ml), suppressed cytokine release, and blocked immunoglobulin production and B cell lymphomagenesis in a human severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model.3The identification of this immunoregulatory epitope on EPR-1 may facilitate the rational design of advanced derivatives of mAb 2E1 or of synthetic peptidyl antagonists targeted at manipulating the immune responsein vivo. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0033080 Phenotype ee9dd682-3528-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 25804490 During inflammation, TNF-α exerts protective effects in early infection via inhibiting bacterial growth and macrophage death[2]; IL-1β as an early response cytokine secreted by the activated macrophages is a central mediator of lymphocyte activation that augments thymocyte proliferation[3,4]; NO generated by inducible nitric oxides synthase (iNOS) endows macrophages with cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against bacteria, viruses and tumor cells[5–8]; IL-8 plays a key role in acute inflammation by recruiting neutrophils to inflammatory sites[9,10]. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0046651 Phenotype d3067b94-cd20-11e5-b6ad-001a4ae51246 8557657 In these experiments and consistent with a more general role of EPR-1 and other protease receptors in lymphocyte activation mechanisms(8), mAb 2E1 completely inhibited lymphocyte proliferation (IC50∼ 0.1 μg/ml), suppressed cytokine release, and blocked immunoglobulin production and B cell lymphomagenesis in a human severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model.3The identification of this immunoregulatory epitope on EPR-1 may facilitate the rational design of advanced derivatives of mAb 2E1 or of synthetic peptidyl antagonists targeted at manipulating the immune responsein vivo. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0042783 Phenotype 987c950a-c81a-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114824 Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag-3, also called CD223) is a trans-membrane receptor that its expression on CD4+and CD8+T cells promotes immune evasion of cancer[127]. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype c342aff0-3387-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 PMC5651170 Indeed, strong TCR signaling in the early stages of lymphocyte activation promotes Th1 and Th17 differentiation and negatively regulates Treg induction(5). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype 1b169f58-3413-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 9670848 Inhibition of lymphocyte activation (Cookmills et al., 1995) and alterations in the human natural killer cell activity (Schedlowski et al., 1993;Vredevoe et al., 1995) have been shown after NE pretreatment.l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa) and Dopamine (DA) inhibit both proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes (Slominski and Goodman Snitkoff, 1992;Bergquist et al., 1994). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006915 Phenotype 62484520-377e-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 10578306 This synergistic effect may be due to the inhibition of XAb production by DSG and the inhibition of lymphocyte activation by FTY-induced apoptosis. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype 35dc7ae8-c46b-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 25104614 Lymphocyte activation can lead to cell death due to apoptosis (Green et al., 2003). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 7bc7123a-bbfa-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.yexmp.2003.12.001 The expression of costimulatory signals colocalized with the presence of oxidized LDL(Fig. 1), confirming that all essential components for local lymphocyte activation that could trigger plaque inflammation are present. 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 3e300b4d-2db1-11eb-a79a-001a4a160175 PMC7522667 Israelow et al. (2020) show that SARS-CoV-2–infected IFNAR1 KO mice, lacking IFN-α/β signaling, have reduced inflammation and lymphocyte activation, which would support the notion that IFN-α/β can drive pathogenic inflammation in respiratory viral infections (Davidson et al., 2014; Channappanavar et al., 2016). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0032623 Phenotype e4bf47c4-3904-11e8-a34b-001a4a160175 28736117 Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and MHC-II Ligation of LAG-3 on (i) CD4+T cells to MHC-II on DCs, and (ii) CD8+T cells to LSECtin on DCs negatively regulates T cell activation by inhibiting T cell receptor (TCR) signalling, and preventing T cell proliferation, IL-2 production and Th1 polarisation (Anderson et al., 2016). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0042098 Phenotype e4bf47c4-3904-11e8-a34b-001a4a160175 28736117 Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and MHC-II Ligation of LAG-3 on (i) CD4+T cells to MHC-II on DCs, and (ii) CD8+T cells to LSECtin on DCs negatively regulates T cell activation by inhibiting T cell receptor (TCR) signalling, and preventing T cell proliferation, IL-2 production and Th1 polarisation (Anderson et al., 2016). 2 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0042098 Phenotype e20f1c9e-bc05-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00372-0 Lymphocyte activation by antigen/MHC induces T cell proliferation, lymphokine secretion, and changes in expression of membrane proteins. 2 CHEBI:29101 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 81088c70-351e-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 28003064 Normal sodium influx through these channels is necessary for lymphocyte activation and proliferation (Roselli et al., 2006). 2 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1a124ba6-0027-11f0-9c09-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jim.2025.113819 PHA and ConA are more potent inducers of lymphocyte activation and proliferation in contrast to PWM, which is weaker and may require longer stimulation (5 days instead of 3 days). 2 UNIPROT:Q07108 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 13508492-ab6f-11e6-9ac8-001a4ae51246 PMC4914610 In addition to soluble mediators, surface cellular markers such as CD69 (an early lymphocyte activation marker), lung homing related CD62L, Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM)-1 and HLA-DR have been useful for inflammation analysis in influenza infections(22), inflammatory systemic syndrome(23)and hypersensitivity states(24). 2 UNIPROT:P08575 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b5633a7e-cd5b-11e5-85cd-001a4ae51247 7583115 At first it was assumed that CD45 would function to inhibit lymphocyte activation by acting as a counterpart to the protein tyrosine kinases that are activated following stimulation of the antigen receptors expressed by these cells. 2 UNIPROT:P29966 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein cbf8a756-ca5e-11e5-9bd2-001a4ae51247 12855575 The high local 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase production of 1,25(OH)2D3by DCs (and MACs) after LPS stimulation may serve as a paracrine signal during bacterial infection and favor MAC differentiation but suppress DC differentiation and lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:Q06418 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 43b27720-376a-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 9574917 The unaffected delivery of these two important secondary signals dismisses the possibility that TIF blocks lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:Q13291 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2432d867-f587-11eb-8aaf-001a4a160175 30220445 SLAM, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule. 2 UNIPROT:P35225 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bba9f79e-3945-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 15093563 Besides IL-10, IL-4 and IL-13 can also downregulate macrophage and lymphocyte activation[20,21]. 2 UNIPROT:P42224 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 05ae1284-3528-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 25258142 In contrast, IL-6 acting through STAT3 does not induce T-bet and yields a stable IL-21+phenotype in mice.15Here IL-21 might be induced through phosphorylated STAT3,12,45,46although STAT1 and other signaling cascades from proteins, such as signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM) activating protein (SAP), can be involved as well.47,48 The B cell–induced IFN-γ+/IL-21+DP subset is characterized by coexpression of both T-bet and Bcl-6, demonstrating the features of an intermediate between the TH1 and TFHsubsets. 2 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 71a80250-9171-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11033-021-06937-2 PHA showed higher affinity for lymphocytes and leads to lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 2 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein ad2b77da-bbff-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.205 Previous studies in our laboratory determined that this dose of PHA readily induced lymphocyte activation in MNC. 2 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1a124ba6-0027-11f0-9c09-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jim.2025.113819 PHA and ConA are more potent inducers of lymphocyte activation and proliferation in contrast to PWM, which is weaker and may require longer stimulation (5 days instead of 3 days). 2 CHEBI:44785 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 2ae53cfa-cbf1-11e5-b0dd-001a4ae51247 10364193 However, the potential role of STAT factors as mediators of peroxide-triggered lymphocyte activation, by acting as target molecules of oxidative processes, has not been previously explored. 2 UNIPROT:O75347 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein aa90f814-bbd3-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2806367 This experiment suggested that con A-induced inflammation and T cell activation in TAX-LUC mice were sufficient to modify the presentation of lymphoma from peripheral and indolent to visceral and aggressive.We also utilized CFA a mixture of paraffin oil, surfactant, and heat-killed mycobacteria that leads to T 1 lymphocyte activation [33]. 2 UNIPROT:Q10981 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein dcad2610-351b-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 28807764 Thus, it is important and necessary to clarify molecular signaling transduction mechanisms underlying lymphocyte activation mediated by both ST-4 and SEC2. 2 UNIPROT:P07288 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 21e70a4a-0da8-11f0-b40b-0050569a1f61 10.1016/S0162-3109(98)00062-9 PSA-induced lymphocyte activation As markers of cellular activation, the expression of CD69, CD122 (IL-2R common chain), L-selectin, (CD62L) and VLA-4 (CD49d) were investigated in spleen lymphocytes harvested from naı̈ve or PSA-injected animals. 2 FPLX:SERCA inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily b6d12d7a-bbff-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.030 Furthermore, SERCA inhibition, when combined with PKC activation, has been shown to induce lymphocyte activation[115], and the expression of HIV in a latently infected lymphoid cell line could be induced by SERCA inhibitors[116]. 2 UNIPROT:O43602 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 96bcb4b6-abd5-11e6-9236-001a4ae51247 PMC4520159 "DC links innate immunity with adaptive immunity, so lower activation of DC is important to reduce lymphocyte activation." 2 UNIPROT:O43602 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein cb7c5e06-ae93-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8619522 The glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, CP91149, attenuates TLR-mediated DC maturation and impairs DC’s ability to initiate lymphocyte activation. 2 MESH:D008274 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 14831d76-bc45-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3667385 Free Mg can act as a second messenger in rapid intracellular signalling and leads to lymphocyte activation [19–22]. 2 UNIPROT:O75144 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2eedf1ee-bbd8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jri.2006.08.009 The B7 family includes B7-H1 and B7-DC, which inhibit lymphocyte activation by binding to their receptor, PD-1; B7-H2, which stimulates lymphocytes through ICOS, a receptor preferentially expressed on Th2 lymphocytes; and B7-H3 and B7-H4, which each bind to as yet unknown receptors that can negatively (both B7-H3 and B7-H4) or positively (B7-H3 only) regulate the immune response. 2 UNIPROT:P35236 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 960ed712-cbf0-11e5-b7d4-001a4ae51246 10206983 Here we show that HePTP functions at a distinct step to negatively regulate lymphocyte activation. 2 MESH:D004646 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0848efbe-1bda-11f0-b759-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105026 As we reported previously,Hhiphaploinsufficient (Hhip+/−) mice showed increased susceptibility to smoke-induced or age-related emphysema,7,8associated with increased oxidative stress after cigarette smoke exposure and/or increased lymphocyte activation in murine lungs during ageing,7–9recapitulating human COPD development in subjects carrying risk alleles. 2 UNIPROT:O00463 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a32f16e8-c8dd-11e5-9624-001a4ae51246 16452475 Without overt defects in JNK and NF-κB activation, TRAF5 deficiency causes impaired lymphocyte activation mediated by CD40 and CD27 as well as osteoclastogenesis induced by TNFα and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) (13,18). 2 UNIPROT:P26842 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a32f16e8-c8dd-11e5-9624-001a4ae51246 16452475 Without overt defects in JNK and NF-κB activation, TRAF5 deficiency causes impaired lymphocyte activation mediated by CD40 and CD27 as well as osteoclastogenesis induced by TNFα and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) (13,18). 2 CHEBI:16240 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 28f5c20c-bc15-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.009 Lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide produced by lactobacilli decreases vaginal pH, which, in turn, can inactivate HIV-1, inhibit CD4 lymphocyte activation, and reduce HIV target cells in the vagina. 2 GO:0006955 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype a1f3b332-bc45-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC2984117 Modulation of immune function The isoflavone daidzein administered orally stimulated murine nonspecific immunity, activated hormoral immunity, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and at physiologically relevant concentrations potentiated lymphocyte activation, suggesting that its immunostimulatory effects may be involved in cancer prevention (Birtet al.,2001). 2 UNIPROT:Q86TD4 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b58b8290-bc26-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00369-6 Other studies using purified cells from different species also showed that SRL incompletely inhibits lymphocyte activation(Kay et al., 1991). 2 UNIPROT:P22001 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6895659c-bc52-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.020 Kv1.3 blockers inhibit lymphocyte activation by depolarizing the cells thereby diminishing Ca2+influx through CRAC channels. 2 UNIPROT:P06127 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 133b8412-5c85-11e7-8b40-001a4ae51247 PMC4844010 CD5 is expressed on T cells and a subset of B cells and known to bind to ligand CD72 and modulate lymphocyte activation and differentiation processes (Baumgarth, 2011; Berland and Wortis, 2002). 2 FPLX:NFAT activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 47f10414-2a0b-11f0-b759-0050569a791b 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13074-3 When NFATs cooperatively interact with activation partners such as AP-1, MEF2, and GATA, they activate a set of NFAT-regulated genes that mediate lymphocyte activation. 2 FPLX:LDH activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily c08645ae-04f1-11f0-baad-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.08.021 It was found that high LDH levels and low CsA levels may be associated with a high rate of aGVHD after allogeneic transplantation from a matched sibling donor, and this increase in LDH levels was thought to be related to host organ damage and increased donor lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 77a3a7b8-bbd7-11e5-956b-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.exer.2009.04.004 The binding of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to PD-1 inhibits lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:P38646 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6e625d9c-45df-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b PMC8995384 Phenotypically, MoT cells and human Tregs share common surface markers such as: CD4, CD25, glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor (GITR), lymphocyte activation gene (LAG-3), programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), and C–C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4). 2 MESH:D009369 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 002dba5a-3954-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 10930490 This reduced expression with increasing tumor burden may be due to soluble agents secreted by the tumor itself that inhibit lymphocyte activation or directly kill activated lymphocytes, such as Fas-mediated apoptosis. 2 MESH:D009369 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 2f4ddf60-bbd7-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3607802 Once mobilized to the stroma, MDSC promotes tumor growth, invasion, and tumor-induced immunosuppression and host immune evasion by inhibiting lymphocyte activation and antigen recognition (Serafini et al.,2006; Marigo et al.,2008; Gabrilovich and Nagaraj,2009). 2 UNIPROT:P05112 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bba9f79e-3945-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 15093563 Besides IL-10, IL-4 and IL-13 can also downregulate macrophage and lymphocyte activation[20,21]. 2 UNIPROT:P22301 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c4b7be46-ad1b-11e6-b1aa-001a4ae51246 PMC4934151 This cytokine production is characterized by increasing levels of not only the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α), but also the inhibitory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) that inhibited lymphocyte activation in vitro. 2 UNIPROT:P22301 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e0684534-bbe5-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.10.003 On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, derived from Th2 lymphocytes and monocytes, promotes humoral immunity and suppresses monocyte/macrophage and Th1 lymphocyte activation by inhibiting IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ production[1,2]. 2 GO:0009405 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype faddb394-bbfa-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00008-0 Virulence factors ofYersinia pseudotuberculosisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaecan also impair lymphocyte activation[51,52•]. 2 GO:0039694 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1eff41f0-bc20-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3260491 This study suggested that active viral replication in HVL patients led to chronic lymphocyte activation and inflammation in GALT. 2 MESH:D009569 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1edc1178-1c68-11f0-85c3-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100246 The heightened NO production within the phagolysosome inhibits lymphocyte activation, regarded as an evasion mechanism employed by these pathogens. 2 MESH:D009569 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype a2523b94-bc01-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.tim.2008.04.003 NO inhibits activities including lymphocyte activation and adherence and transmigration of monocytes that contribute to granuloma formation, caseation and lung destruction in TB[69,71]. 2 MESH:D009569 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 7a190c66-353f-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 9413261 Lymphocytes release nitric oxide and macrophages reduce lymphocyte activation via a NO-dependent mechanism. 2 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 07e46542-353e-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 9657271 Mitogen induced lymphocyte activation has been suggested to mimic the antigen-stimulated lymphocyte activation in vivo[6]. 2 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 9ddf88de-bc54-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00321-1 Interestingly, while 6-OHDA treatment in vivo decreased natural killer cell activity, it did not affect in vitro mixed lymphocyte responsiveness, mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation, or antigen presentation by macrophages, suggesting in vivo conditions are required for the 6-OHDA effects to be expressed(Cross and Roszman, 1988). 2 UNIPROT:P01584 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein ee9dd682-3528-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 25804490 During inflammation, TNF-α exerts protective effects in early infection via inhibiting bacterial growth and macrophage death[2]; IL-1β as an early response cytokine secreted by the activated macrophages is a central mediator of lymphocyte activation that augments thymocyte proliferation[3,4]; NO generated by inducible nitric oxides synthase (iNOS) endows macrophages with cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against bacteria, viruses and tumor cells[5–8]; IL-8 plays a key role in acute inflammation by recruiting neutrophils to inflammatory sites[9,10]. 2 FPLX:VEGF activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 0828f030-ae94-11ec-840e-0050569a791b PMCPMC8881133 The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases immune checkpoints as CTLA-4, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein-3 (TIM3), and lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG3) on T-cells and PD-L1 on dendritic cells, recruits T-reg cells and MDSCs, and suppresses maturation of dendritic cells [24, 27, 28]. 2 MESH:D003907 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 2c7d2a20-862f-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.transci.2020.103041 Dexamethasone, as a corticosteroid, attenuates lymphocyte activation and reduces inflammatory reactions. 2 UNIPROT:P17302 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 8c690588-bbde-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3201112 Increased expression of Cx43 by TS4 treated C6 cells, would also lead to enhanced immunogenicity, cytotoxic lymphocyte activation and tumor destruction. 2 FPLX:IL2R inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily fd96d214-3529-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 25315500 In these studies, the majority of recipients are induced with either an IL-2R antagonist or ATG, which inhibits lymphocyte activation until CNI immunosuppression is initiated. 2 MESH:D016559 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 19de1fde-3351-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 16806841 Likewise, CD69, a pan lymphocyte activation marker, was completely inhibited by tacrolimus at 24h, and suppression was sustained at 48 and 72h, which was not the case after pimecrolimus treatment. 2 UNIPROT:P01589 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0e93d52e-ef3d-11e5-9b35-001a4ae51246 22420711 IL2Rα (CD25) blockade Interleuking-2 receptor α chain (CD25) enhances binding of IL2 to the receptor complex, augmenting lymphocyte activation and proliferation [111]. 2 UNIPROT:P08235 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 7e829e38-bbda-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.11.007 We also showed, using MLR and LTT, that sCD152 can inhibit human lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:P18509 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 68397e12-bc48-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3685427 Activation of the PACAP receptor was also shown to inhibit lymphocyte activation and to have an immunosuppressive effect[93,94]. 2 UNIPROT:P10109 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0b8808e0-86e2-11f0-8cae-0050569a1f61 PMC8554534 However, although myeloid-specific TTP KO mice have an abnormal inflammatory response when challenged with lipopolysaccharide, they do not phenocopy the spontaneous inflammatory pathologies that develop in the whole-body TTP KO.57Several studies have found that lymphocytes are dispensable for inducing SPEM development.11,17,39Thus, even if TTP primarily suppresses the innate immune system, ADX-induced lymphocyte activation may be inconsequential for SPEM development. 2 UNIPROT:O60496 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a82429ac-cb28-11e5-b419-001a4ae51246 11572860 Dok2 and Dok3 have also been reported to inhibit lymphocyte activation by recruiting RasGAP and Csk, respectively (53,54). 2 UNIPROT:P05451 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 43003fe0-bc08-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.10.015 PTP PEST in turn is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and has been reported to negatively regulate lymphocyte activation[23]. 2 UNIPROT:P02743 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9d1c203e-351e-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 28007303 Activation of PRRs by PAMPs upregulates expression of B7 molecules on APCs which is necessary for lymphocyte activation (signal 2) and also induce effector cytokines like IL-1, IL-12 and IFNs necessary for T cell effector functions (signal 3) (Medzhitov and Janeway, 1997). 2 MESH:D015232 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 60be1af4-bc42-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4452108 Bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP7) inhibits transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) induced fibrosis, reduces inflammation-related cytokines, and reduces cell apoptosis of epithelial tubular cells and podocyte whereas TGF-b and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppress the inflammation by inhibiting lymphocyte activation [25,26]. 2 MESH:D001564 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype dbabb86e-d9fa-11ee-ae05-0050569a1f61 10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00063-3 Better knowledge of the immunodominant and promiscuous epitopes of antigen as well as BP from various origins should promote a deeper understanding of lymphocyte activation and signal transduction within immunological processes. 2 UNIPROT:Q7L591 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a82429ac-cb28-11e5-b419-001a4ae51246 11572860 Dok2 and Dok3 have also been reported to inhibit lymphocyte activation by recruiting RasGAP and Csk, respectively (53,54). 2 FPLX:Interferon activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 73b30ff6-3405-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 28606316 Furthermore, increased IFNγ and IL-2 could also stimulate lymphocyte activation and then the phagocytic activity of macrophages via an increase of nitrite production (Hermosilla et al., 1999). 2 UNIPROT:P25942 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a32f16e8-c8dd-11e5-9624-001a4ae51246 16452475 Without overt defects in JNK and NF-κB activation, TRAF5 deficiency causes impaired lymphocyte activation mediated by CD40 and CD27 as well as osteoclastogenesis induced by TNFα and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) (13,18). 2 CHEBI:29108 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 3a9bc740-3aa3-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 25847395 Patch-clamp studies revealed that the channels play crucial roles in facilitating the calcium influx necessary to trigger the lymphocyte activation and proliferation[11,13,14]. 2 UNIPROT:O43521 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b9089d50-c8e6-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 PMC1885484 In combination with other defects, such as defective negative selection in the thymus, defective Bim-dependent apoptosis in DCs may contribute to abnormal DC survival, chronic lymphocyte activation, and the development of autoimmunity. 2 FPLX:TGFB inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 90663180-bc54-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.005 TGF-β1 is a potent inhibitor of lymphocyte activation and proliferation (Miyazono, 2000; Wahl et al., 1988). 2 FPLX:TGFB inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 696cc7ee-3554-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 10611748 TGFβ is a potent antagonist of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. 2 GO:0007155 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1e777d9a-c8e8-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 17359504 However, adhesion molecules such as integrins, which directly mediate lymphocyte activation and migration, also make good targets and integrin-directed therapies have been used with some success in a number of diseases (2). 2 UNIPROT:P00918 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 64d351d2-cbf0-11e5-83a8-001a4ae51246 10464244 These compounds also inhibit lymphocyte activation mediated by Ca2+-dependent stimulation of T cells inin vitroassays, as well as in a mini-pigin vivodelayed-type hypersensitivity test.22G. 2 UNIPROT:P16410 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 7f47a1e2-3419-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 15561287 Turka et al showed that 10 μg/mL of CTLA4Ig was sufficient to suppress lymphocyte activation in an allograft model.5However, the grafts were rejected even though the CTLA4Ig levels were >10 μg/mL in our xenograft model. 2 UNIPROT:P25054 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9c6e901c-bc54-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.016 The APC has to interact with the naive T-cell and its receptor complex according to a two-signal model to elicit lymphocyte activation and proliferation when incompatibility exists. 2 UNIPROT:P09382 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 09da0c08-0d81-11f0-a2ca-0050569a1f61 10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00012-7 By decreasing the PTPase activity of CD45, galectin-1 can modulate lymphocyte activation. 2 FPLX:ABL:family activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 4bf1a806-bc2a-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.12.009 It is interesting to note that ABL triggered the early lymphocyte activation cascade(s) although it was a non-mitogenic lectin. 2 PUBCHEM:53481368 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 585a6c82-bbd9-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00696-5 A previous study from our laboratory[18]has similarly reported a potential TH2 inducing activity of LT, in this case mediated indirectly on lymphocyte activation by LT-induced release of prostaglandins from mucosal epithelial cells. 2 CHEBI:4021 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical c38acf5a-3757-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 27522179 Suppression of PDL-1 expression in cancer cells by cyclopamine augments lymphocyte activation We next sought to understand how a change in PDL-1 expression affects lymphocyte function. 2 MESH:D010455 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 612764b4-bbd9-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.091 Indeed, it has been shown that p15E and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a highly conserved region in the transmembrane envelope protein of all retroviruses inhibit mitogen-triggered lymphocyte activation and modulate cytokine production[25–28]. 2 MESH:D010455 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 73982996-1be5-11f0-bb75-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110761 Accordingly, peptide induced lymphocyte activation signals the initiation of an immune response. 2 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 968dff64-c471-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 19776094 "The details of the drug scheduling of our regimen may be important, because the decrescendo schedule of IL-2 we used may allow more efficient lymphocyte activation by IL-2 with less toxicity than other schedules." 2 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 34266f80-3780-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 10455969 The result with interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte activation corresponded to the data described above; triptolide inhibited the blast formation well, whereas cyclosporine did not(Fig 3). 2 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 73b30ff6-3405-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 28606316 Furthermore, increased IFNγ and IL-2 could also stimulate lymphocyte activation and then the phagocytic activity of macrophages via an increase of nitrite production (Hermosilla et al., 1999). 2 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 11a84b5a-9c78-11ee-bde4-0050569a1f61 PMC8298630 Second, increased infections with anti-TNF-α therapy may lead to lymphocyte activation and autoantibody production. 2 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 93afae3c-aba2-11e6-9236-001a4ae51247 PMC4562806 In a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, blocking PD-1 and lymphocyte-activation gene (LAG-3) simultaneously reversed the exhausted phenotype and led to the clearance of viral infection[46]. 2 PF:PF00047 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 12a0c388-1c07-11f0-85c3-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101414 These include antagonists such as the coinhibitory checkpoints T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and mucin domain-3 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3, as well as agonist antibodies targeting the costimulatory molecules CD40, OX-40, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor, and CD137 (4-1BB).1,2,3 CD137 (4-1BB) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and functions as a costimulatory molecule. 2 UNIPROT:P01579 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9c6ea199-7f6f-11ea-bf13-001a4a160176 PMC7128543 A recent study on hepatitis C has shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in combination with ribavirin, induces a higher percentage of lymphocyte activation [13] than for IFN-γ alone. 2 GO:0006915 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b9089d50-c8e6-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 PMC1885484 In combination with other defects, such as defective negative selection in the thymus, defective Bim-dependent apoptosis in DCs may contribute to abnormal DC survival, chronic lymphocyte activation, and the development of autoimmunity. 2 GO:0006915 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype a8153990-d476-11e5-8c94-001a4ae51246 PMC4324011 Increased extrinsic apoptosis during IAV infection decreases lymphoproliferation in lupus-prone mice In SLE, abnormal lymphocyte activation and cellular death are largely responsible for disease pathology [reviewed in Refs. 2 MESH:D008024 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 85c8bf2d-7f6f-11ea-bf12-001a4a160176 PMC7155603 In mice it is the major regulator of C3 in the skin (not kidney) and is a ligand for CD97 which, on cross-linking, leads to lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:P09919 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein be9d1efc-3947-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 17869372 G-CSF was found to reduce post-operative monocyte and lymphocyte activation, with possible positive effects on morbidity. 2 CHEBI:49470 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 58ec5276-3749-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 26419199 It was also proved that MF59 and Alum adjuvants can induce lymphocyte activation and boost antibody production through their action on inflammatory cells[26]. 2 FPLX:TLR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 9b41c176-bc01-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.tim.2004.06.001 Viruses stimulate type I IFN responses, tissue-specific chemokines that recruit and activate inflammatory cells, and cytokines that drive lymphocyte activation and Th1 differentiation, all of which are induced by TLR signaling. 2 GO:0031028 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 4c48a6e6-3514-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 26795599 SIN modulates immune response mainly through inhibiting lymphocyte activation and reducing production of inflammatory factors by macrophages. 2 UNIPROT:Q13410 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 3ce7ff14-a751-11e6-b510-001a4ae51247 PMC5075550 BT at mesenteric lymph nodes leads to lymphocyte activation[14]. 2 UNIPROT:Q15116 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 734ae698-ae94-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8870329 In 2000, Freeman et al. confirmed that PD-1 could reverse modulate lymphocyte activation [16]. 2 CHEBI:68481 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical cd185346-d92f-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.trre.2006.06.001 The mTOR inhibitors (TORIs) thus block lymphocyte activation at a later stage than CNIs and prevent T-cell proliferation. 2 UNIPROT:Q8TDQ0 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 25ce7254-1c00-11f0-b759-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.10.003 Also, TIM3 on T cell form direct interaction with Gal-9 on MDSC resulting in induction of proliferation of MDSC and contributes in establishment of more suppressive TME.224,225LAG-3(Lymphocyte-activation protein 3), LAG3 interaction with MHC-II and Galectin-3 shown to effect tumor negatively.226Activation of LAG-3 by CSCs hinder cytokine secretion from CD8+T cell. 2 MESH:D000086402 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype ce49587b-7cdc-11eb-a028-001a4a160175 PMC7696882 SARS-CoV-2 also leads to lymphopenia, lymphocyte activation and dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities, which cause a defect in antiviral response and immune regulatory function of these cells [84]. 2 GO:0007165 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype e3fb879c-bc26-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.038 The structure of chimeric antigen receptor is comprised of exodomain, which is typically derived from the antigen binding portion of a monoclonal antibody linking the VH and VL domains to construct a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) region, transmembranous domain which link exodomain and endodomain, and endodomain, which is derived from the cytoplasmic domains of conventional immune receptors responsible for initiating signal transduction that leads to lymphocyte activation. 2 GO:0007165 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b443dc0c-c478-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC3426035 CARs result from combining the antigen site of an antibody with the signal-activating domain of immune receptors responsible for initiating signal transduction that leads to lymphocyte activation. 2 MESH:D016572 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype c2b8270c-cc75-11e5-888a-001a4ae51246 9414131 It has been established that for CsA to inhibit lymphocyte activation, it needs to bind the PPIase cyclophilin. 2 MESH:D016572 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 2fb9ec20-377f-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 10980313 Thus these immunosuppressive agents, CsA, PSL, and MMF inhibit lymphocyte activation through different mechanisms, and synergistic effects are expected. 2 MESH:D059016 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype a6ff5e30-04ac-11f0-baad-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.08.028 Adrenergic stress in the tumor microenvironment reportedly increases the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4), PD-1, TIM3, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) on the surface of T lymphocytes,51and contributes to suboptimal patient responses to CAR-T cell therapy.11,52Similarly, our flow cytometry data indicated that the shβ2-CAR-T cohort had fewer PD-1- and TIM3-expressing cells upon coculture and duringin vivoinvestigations. 2 UNIPROT:P14174 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a781a5c6-3c7d-11f0-afc2-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104445 Studies have shown that MIF induces macrophage and lymphocyte activation through autocrine and paracrine modes (Abe et al., 2001;Bernhagen et al., 2007). 2 MESH:D011374 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6ea5585c-f16e-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04818-5 Thus, progesterone may inhibit lymphocyte activation at an earlier stage. 2 MESH:D011374 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b7506ff4-bc13-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.05.016 Therefore, it is doubtful that the concentration of progesterone in the bovine uterus is ever sufficient to directly inhibit lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:P16284 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c342aff0-3387-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 PMC5651170 In contrast, in patients with ACS, the protective function of CD31 is reduced during the acute phase of the disease, thus leading to the uncontrolled lymphocyte activation typically observed in a subset of patients with ACS. 2 UNIPROT:P29274 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 801c0822-bbff-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.185 Recent studies have reported that selective adenosine A2Areceptor stimulation inhibits CD4+lymphocyte activation and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretionin vivoandin vitro[22,23]. 2 UNIPROT:Q11206 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein dcad2610-351b-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 28807764 Thus, it is important and necessary to clarify molecular signaling transduction mechanisms underlying lymphocyte activation mediated by both ST-4 and SEC2. 2 UNIPROT:Q9UHJ6 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein af8c4ef6-3406-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 28336271 ShK proteins can inhibit calcium-dependent lymphocyte activation (Tudor et al., 1996). 2 UNIPROT:P69208 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein d04302e0-dc9d-11ea-8cf5-001a4a160176 PMC6170738 HA is abundant in settings of chronic inflammation and contributes to lymphocyte activation, polarization, and migration. 2 MESH:D012254 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype d617f16a-00a5-11f0-8027-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.013 We demonstrated that this chimeric GP64-prM-E-NS1-VSVG rBV can elicit a strong specific humoral and cellular immune response against YFV, including neutralizing antibody production, specific lymphocyte activation and proliferation, which are key to protect against lethal infection[19,20]. 2 UNIPROT:F7VJQ1 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9876e7ca-bc54-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00181-4 Another possible explanation is that the effect of Ab binding to surface PrPCmight have not been critical to the viability of those hybridoma cells.Li et al. (2001)suggested that the inhibition of lymphocyte activation by PrP-specific MAbs might be dependent on the epitope that the MAb reacted with. 2 CHEBI:8764 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 2fb9ec20-377f-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 10980313 Thus these immunosuppressive agents, CsA, PSL, and MMF inhibit lymphocyte activation through different mechanisms, and synergistic effects are expected. 2 UNIPROT:P08922 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1257ebee-390c-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 25175493 These results fit with recent data showing that female carriers, who are usually considered unaffected, display clinical manifestations that often underlie an autoimmune pathogenesis.38 On the other hand, our investigation has focused on understanding whether the congenital defective production of ROS could impair B-cell lymphocyte activation and proliferation after specific stimuli. 2 UNIPROT:Q14790 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein d7cba0cc-f1b6-11e5-9a27-001a4ae51246 17495957 In this context, it may be important to note that caspase-8 may also contribute to NF-κB activation and, thereby, lymphocyte activation, whereas caspase-10 functions seem to be more restricted to apoptosis (Wanget al., 1999;Chunet al., 2002;Suet al., 2005). 2 UNIPROT:Q14790 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein fab74cb8-c46a-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 25087983 The non-apoptotic function of caspase-8 is important for human health, as caspase-8 mutations in human patients lead to defective lymphocyte activation and immunodeficiency[54]. 2 UNIPROT:P04083 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 483a01c2-c481-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 PMC3277515 "Enhancing DC survival through transgenic expression of the baculoviral caspase inhibitor p35 or deletion of Fas leads to chronic lymphocyte activation and systemic autoimmunity (15,16), whereas increasing DC numbers by FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) administration protects mice from autoimmunity via inducing regulatory T-cell (Treg) accumulation (17–19)." 2 CHEBI:422 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 28f5c20c-bc15-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.009 Lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide produced by lactobacilli decreases vaginal pH, which, in turn, can inactivate HIV-1, inhibit CD4 lymphocyte activation, and reduce HIV target cells in the vagina. 2 CHEBI:422 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 88130f76-376d-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 16271844 In addition, lactic acid produced by lactobacilli decreases vaginal pH, which can inactivate HIV-1 and may inhibit CD4 lymphocyte activation and reduce HIV target cells in the vagina[4,5]. 2 PUBCHEM:25063347 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 19dfccb4-bc00-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.012 Eosinophil recruitment to the lungs in asthma is primarily the consequence of Th2 lymphocyte activation, which was reduced by RvE1, as shown by lower BALF levels of Th2 cytokine and decreased number of lymphocytes in both BALF and lung tissue. 2 CHEBI:16234 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical cbf8a756-ca5e-11e5-9bd2-001a4ae51247 12855575 The high local 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase production of 1,25(OH)2D3by DCs (and MACs) after LPS stimulation may serve as a paracrine signal during bacterial infection and favor MAC differentiation but suppress DC differentiation and lymphocyte activation. 2 CHEBI:16234 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 8e3acc36-bbff-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.034 Production of 1,25(OH)2D3from vitamin D3 by MAC could suppress DC differentiation and lymphocyte activation in a paracrine way and thereby suppress adaptive immune responses. 2 CHEBI:90695 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 25976898-053c-11f0-ac21-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109747 The JNK inhibitor SP600125 impaired the expression of lymphocyte activation-related molecules, indicating the involvement of the TAK1/JNK axis in the regulation of lymphocyte activation. 2 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 616ad342-d223-11e5-b6ad-001a4ae51246 6577948 Among 13 major intermediates of pterin metabolism and two lumazines, xanthopterin (but not dihydroxanthopterin) was found to inhibit cell proliferation (half-maximum inhibition at 1.8 X 10(-5) M) during concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte activation in pre-stimulated lymphocytes and in a lymphoid cell line grown in continuous culture (LS-2).|||The reduced biopterin derivatives, sepiapterin, dihydrobiopterin, and tetrahydrobiopterin, are costimulators during concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte activation. 2 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 360756e2-bc54-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.07.002 Effect of molybdate on mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation Administration of 0.05–10mM Na2MoO4to PHA-stimulatedhPBLs resulted in dose-dependent decreases in the percentage of lymphoblasts (r=−0.9,p<0.001) accompanied by simultaneous increases in the proportion of unactivated (r=0.7,p<0.001) and aberrant (r=0.9,p<0.001) cells (Fig. 3).|||Results Mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation Stimulation of culturedhPBLs with PHA resulted in statistically significant increases in the percentage of lymphoblasts compared to that observed in the same blood samples without the addition of PHA (p<0.05, pairedt-test). 2 UNIPROT:P03406 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 4a9f03d8-bc50-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.it.2008.04.005 The main mechanism of HIV-induced (bystander) immune activation has not yet been clarified, although there is no shortage of candidates: molecular mimicry of gp120 providing false major histocompatibility complex (MHC) type II signals[31], Nef-mediated lymphocyte activation[32], the effect of abundant defective virus particles[16], altered cytokine production[33], dysregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor signalling[34], unchecked translocation of bacterial products into the systemic circulation because of the disruption of the gut mucosa[35]and the induction of Toll-like receptors by HIV RNA[36]have all been implicated and might operate simultaneously.|||Systemic versus local immune activation The main mechanism of HIV-induced (bystander) immune activation has not yet been clarified, although there is no shortage of candidates: molecular mimicry of gp120 providing false major histocompatibility complex (MHC) type II signals[31], Nef-mediated lymphocyte activation[32], the effect of abundant defective virus particles[16], altered cytokine production[33], dysregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor signalling[34], unchecked translocation of bacterial products into the systemic circulation because of the disruption of the gut mucosa[35]and the induction of Toll-like receptors by HIV RNA[36]have all been implicated and might operate simultaneously. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits UNIPROT:P01589 Protein 0e93d52e-ef3d-11e5-9b35-001a4ae51246 22420711 Two monoclonal antibodies targeting IL2Rα and thus inhibiting IL-2 mediated lymphocyte activation/proliferation are used for induction immunosuppression: basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis) is a recombinant chimeric mouse/human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and daclizumab (Zenapax, Hoffmann-La Roche) a humanized monoclonal antibody. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits UNIPROT:Q9BQ51 Protein 92d4052f-f53e-11eb-bb5f-001a4a160176 29307688 Generally, PD-1/PD-L2 signaling inhibited lymphocyte activation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits UNIPROT:Q15116 Protein 1c9a666c-bc50-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2453619 Our results clearly indicate a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of NOD lymphocytes by PD-L1.Ig (Fig. 1B), and they support the hypothesis that additional PD-1 signaling provided by coated PD-L1 can effectively downregulate NOD lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates UNIPROT:P48645 Protein 75af3fd2-b70f-11e7-b059-001a4a160175 PMC5637785 Results: NmU-overexpressing cells and their EVs have increased immunosuppressive cytokine TFGM-β1and lymphocyte activation inhibitor PD-L1. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0034727 Phenotype 854d6048-bbd7-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2939166 These prominent endogenous lipid autacoids restrain PMN and lymphocyte activation, dendritic cell function, formation of pro-inflammatory chemokines by epithelial cells, promote clearance of apoptotic PMN by macrophages and regulate epithelial wound healing; hence, this lipid circuit is considered critical to the resolution of acute inflammation (Lawrence et al., 2002; Gilroy et al., 2004; Serhan et al., 2007; Gronert, 2008; Serhan et al., 2008b; Kenchgowda and Bazan, 2009). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042592 Phenotype 113b9896-374f-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 PMC5296272 MHC class II is a ligand for lymphocyte activation gene 3 (41), which is expressed on activated T cells and has been shown to negatively regulate cellular proliferation and homeostasis in a manner somewhat similar to CTLA-4 (42,43). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006810 Phenotype 9f9069a8-d209-11e5-aade-001a4ae51247 PMC344938 U.S.A.Intracellular lymphocyte activation and carrier-mediated transport of C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006629 Phenotype 3d33feb8-5c1a-11e7-8b40-001a4ae51247 PMC5411058 Moreover, lymphocyte activation during acuteT.gondiiinfection may contributeper seto impaired lipid metabolism and decreased Chl content. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0044546 Phenotype 230fa1e7-cb33-11ea-9218-001a4a160176 PMC7123416 Inflammasome Activation ::: Asthma ::: Chronic Lung Diseases Direct evidence showed that allergic airway inflammation depended on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as Th2 lymphocyte activation and cytokine production were reduced in mice deficient in NLRP3, ASC, or caspase-1. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0046479 Phenotype 1f038dd9-f578-11eb-84e7-001a4a160175 32556603 GO analysis showed the main functions of this type of macrophages are negative regulation of immune system, lymphocyte activation, activate glycosphingolipid catabolism, endocytosis, proteasome, muscle cell migration, and carbohydrate catabolism. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0019882 Phenotype 8d03edc2-ea70-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103142 HSP90 is involved in antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, macrophages, dendritic cell maturation and the induction of enhanceosome-mediated inflammation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0019882 Phenotype 4714f848-ae94-11ec-840e-0050569a791b PMCPMC8369351 Additionally, DCs of humans inflicted with malaria mediated strong immunosuppression through the induction of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1(IDO1) and Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3), which attenuates inflammatory response by decreasing class II antigen presentation (Vallejo et al., 2018). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0032602 Phenotype cc0ffb8f-f53f-11eb-ae24-001a4a160175 29545105 It has been previously shown that vaginal application of N9 in rabbits can severely disrupt epithelial integrity, triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production as well as lymphocyte activation and infiltration [46]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0002250 Phenotype 1c4a8604-ae95-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8871426 Lymphocyte proliferation is a critical feature of lymphocyte activation, which is also considered to be a landmark event in the activation of adaptive immunity [57]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 1a677083-2db3-11eb-8319-001a4a160176 PMC7436881 "8 Indeed, IL‐6 was also found to be a key player in lymphocyte activation, proliferation and survival, thus potentially supporting protective antitumour immunity." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 3f6489fe-bc21-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4026723 It is noteworthy, therefore, that the human terminal branch showed a FAC enriched for a number of immune functions including among others: immune response, immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway, T cell activation, lymphocyte activation, and leukocyte activation (Table2). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 1e5fdc64-bc48-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC2998584 It is possible that increased lymphocyte activation and infiltration of tumor beds infected with MYXV lacking the M153 gene along with cytotoxic killing of the tumor cells by this virus may lead to further priming of tumor antigens, therefore, elevating the host’s immune response against the tumor. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006955 Phenotype 503188a6-7855-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s00262-022-03353-8 Mature TLSs may support antitumor immunity by lymphocyte activation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006955 Phenotype db846386-e311-11e7-ba67-001a4a160176 PMC5716310 Lymphocyte activation gene 3 works to suppress the immune response via regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and direct effects on CD8+T-cells. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006955 Phenotype 6b65e124-3791-11e6-8a17-001a4ae51247 PMC4859123 T lymphocytes express inhibitory receptor proteins such as PD-1, CTLA-4, Tim-3 and lymphocyte activation gene (LAG-3) suppressing anti-tumour immune response. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0010467 Phenotype f473e284-aa75-11e6-9b40-001a4ae51246 PMC5106028 However, it has been also described that lymphocyte activation using Derp 1, an allergen ofD.pteronyssinus, produces a differential gene expression within the region depending on the haplotype. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0009058 Phenotype cd0f5ab4-340a-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 PMC5652031 Lymphocyte activation induces DHODH activation and subsequently increased synthesis of the pyrimidine molecules thymine and cytosine, enabling DNA replication and rapid proliferation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0046323 Phenotype ab6d73e2-bc33-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC4121309 Activation induces similar molecular changes to reprogram metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cells Lymphocyte activation triggers a dramatic increase in glucose uptake and glycolysis. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0032502 Phenotype 3014c146-3520-11e9-a756-001a4a160176 PMC6286708 This ~6.6 Mbp locus is densely populated with numerous immunologically relevant genes, including signaling lymphocyte activation markers (SLAMs) that modulate iNKT cell development and function (37). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 6dd15ea8-0991-11e6-883b-001a4ae51246 PMC4838252 Adequate lymphocyte activation by antigens, which leads to cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, plays a critical role in the development of immune response against invading pathogens. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008283 Phenotype 113b9896-374f-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 PMC5296272 MHC class II is a ligand for lymphocyte activation gene 3 (41), which is expressed on activated T cells and has been shown to negatively regulate cellular proliferation and homeostasis in a manner somewhat similar to CTLA-4 (42,43). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 4be9a970-bbe5-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2816827 Moreover, lymphocyte activation initiates a programme of cell growth and proliferation that increases metabolic demand. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008283 Phenotype 4e9c7c46-7079-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11064-023-03974-0 Inhibition of check-pointer lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) in microglia can promote microglial proliferation and leads to a rapid antidepressant-like effect [40]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 806c358e-bbd9-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.045 That is one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HIV because lymphocyte activation leads to cell proliferation and apoptosis[32,33]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 8f61ef18-bc54-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.011 These mechanisms cooperate to hinder lymphocyte activation and effector function while promoting glioma proliferation and migration (Wick et al., 2001). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype cd0f5ab4-340a-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 PMC5652031 Lymphocyte activation induces DHODH activation and subsequently increased synthesis of the pyrimidine molecules thymine and cytosine, enabling DNA replication and rapid proliferation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008283 Phenotype bd825e32-bbe1-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3848751 Lymphocyte activation Consistent with epidemiological observations [24-26,67], chronic As exposure inhibits mitogen-stimulated proliferation of PBMC and SMC in broiler chickens [91] and SMC in mice [92], and T-cell and B-cell proliferation in catfish spleen and HK [90,93]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008283 Phenotype 792af714-bbf3-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4388636 Furthermore, the lymphocyte activation study reveals that monocytes pretreated with rapamycin were unresponsive to rWmhsp60 and induces the proliferation of lymphocytes along with increase in IFN-γ levels. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits MESH:D009369 Phenotype 161777a8-d40b-11e5-8c94-001a4ae51246 PMC4725460 A breakthrough in lung cancer therapy field is the immunotherapy targeting molecules which suppress the immune surveillance against cancer, as exemplified by blocking antibodies to PD1 molecule, a molecule expressed by tumor-killing lymphocytes which suppresses the lymphocyte activation (1). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0009405 Phenotype 677a4502-bbde-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.05.013 Based on these results, it could be hypothesized that chronic macrophage and Th2 lymphocyte activation will be implicated in the development of monoclonal gammopathy and B lymphoma in pSS patients and contribute to defining some aspects of the pathogenesis of this condition, which is considered a “crossroad disease” between autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation[8]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0009405 Phenotype 9b7bf712-c474-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 PMC4744922 This is most apparent with cerebral malaria, and excessive lymphocyte activation could contribute to pathogenesis. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0072583 Phenotype 4d79e1c8-8f28-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 PMC8897347 The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (Lag-3), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors, was reported to bind αSyn PFFs and to mediate their clathrin-mediated endocytosis. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006897 Phenotype 1f038dd9-f578-11eb-84e7-001a4a160175 32556603 GO analysis showed the main functions of this type of macrophages are negative regulation of immune system, lymphocyte activation, activate glycosphingolipid catabolism, endocytosis, proteasome, muscle cell migration, and carbohydrate catabolism. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0042110 Phenotype 19cdbd44-ea69-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.079 In this study, we found that express levels of IL-22 in spleen lymphocytes of tilapia were markedly enhanced upon bacterial infection, PMA-induced lymphocyte activation or PHA-induced T-cell activation, at both transcription and protein levels. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042110 Phenotype f93a8c88-7b87-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w These novel checkpoints include Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3), V‑Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA), Human endogenous retrovirus‑H long terminal repeat‑associating protein 2 (HHLA2), T-cell Immunoglobulin, and mucin‑containing protein 3 (TIM3), and T-cell Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine‑based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) [141]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042110 Phenotype a12ab7f6-488e-11e9-8b28-001a4a160176 PMC6435197 Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibits T cell activation since it binds with a higher affinity to MHC-II than CD4 [13] and also inhibits CD8 T cell function during chronic viral infection [14]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042110 Phenotype 9d453890-bc38-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3386262 It is clear that several factors including cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen–4:B7 (CTLA-4:B7),[43]programmed death-1 (PD-1),[44],[45]and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG 3) all negatively regulate T cell activation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0071888 Phenotype 8d7c8f7d-2dad-11eb-a745-001a4a160175 PMC7435207 97 The researchers theorized that SARS-CoV-2-induced constitutional lymphocyte activation might trigger activation-induced cell death through Fas/FasL signaling via macrophagic IL-6 secretion. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0009606 Phenotype 62fcf0f4-50b0-11eb-ac8e-001a4a160175 PMC7738887 Recent studies have reported that the tropism of AAV-PHP.B and AAV-PHP.eB for the CNS is driven by a cellular receptor, lymphocyte activation protein-6A (LY6A), on the BBB 17-19. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0016052 Phenotype 1f038dd9-f578-11eb-84e7-001a4a160175 32556603 GO analysis showed the main functions of this type of macrophages are negative regulation of immune system, lymphocyte activation, activate glycosphingolipid catabolism, endocytosis, proteasome, muscle cell migration, and carbohydrate catabolism. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0014812 Phenotype 1f038dd9-f578-11eb-84e7-001a4a160175 32556603 GO analysis showed the main functions of this type of macrophages are negative regulation of immune system, lymphocyte activation, activate glycosphingolipid catabolism, endocytosis, proteasome, muscle cell migration, and carbohydrate catabolism. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0046776 Phenotype eaaf7730-3913-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 24321396 The insufficient lymphocyte activation observed in C3-deficient animals and patients has been attributed to defective dendritic cell (DC) maturation leading to suboptimal antigen presentation and costimulation because C3a receptor (C3aR)-mediated signals induce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 upregulation on DCs (Ghannam et al., 2008; Peng et al., 2006; Li et al., 2008; Reis et al., 2008). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007155 Phenotype 17d6d408-bbe7-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4330908 The functional significance of such post-translational modifications has been demonstratedin vitrousing flow-chamber experiments, in which lymphocyte activation, and the resultant modifications of CD44, are required to enable rolling and adhesion upon HA-coated coverslips (47). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007155 Phenotype 26fb911c-bc2d-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2613975 Peripheral lymphocyte activation further upregulates adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, which both facilitate entry of circulating lymphocytes into the CNS. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007155 Phenotype f83cd450-bc48-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3920522 Although it has been established that the presence of lymphocytes is necessary and increase in vascular adhesion molecules and cytokines are required for lymphocyte accumulation at a certain site, there is a supporting hypothesis indicating that the main mechanism for lichen planus is lymphocyte activation by increasing vascular adhesion factors, such as ELAM1, VCAM1, ICAM1, and lymphocytic infiltration through increase in L-selectin, LFA-1 and VLA4 receptors (7). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007155 Phenotype c90951e0-bbf8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2768858 Nevertheless, PTEN-null T lymphomas express high levels of CD44 (Fig. 4 E;Hagenbeek and Spits, 2008), an adhesion molecule normally up-regulated by lymphocyte activation, and one that has well characterized roles controlling extravasation of normal lymphocytes during inflammatory immune responses and in controlling the homing of leukemic stem cells (DeGrendele et al., 1997;Jin et al., 2006;Krause et al., 2006;Hagenbeek and Spits, 2008). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008152 Phenotype b507ebb8-ae93-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8782435 By blocking CTLA-4 mediated signaling, T cell stimulation and metabolism can be reverted to glycolysis again by reviving PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and turning T cells back into potent effector cells.Upon engagement, TIM3, another ICM, leads to reduced glycolysis and GLUT1 expression and might also inhibit glutaminolysis [145], while the ICM, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) negatively regulates mitochondrial metabolism [146]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0030097 Phenotype a4f9e1dc-bbd7-11e5-956b-001a4ae51247 PMC4270717 An IgG complement-dependent antibody [4] or a non-complement-dependent antibody suppressing early hematopoietic progenitor cells [5], but also an auto-immune cellular process inhibiting bone marrow progenitor cells [12] or a cytotoxic lymphocyte activation suppressing the hematopoiesis [7,13] have been proposed. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0042113 Phenotype f863204c-3905-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 28083796 Agents Interfering with Lymphocyte Activation Inhibitors of T or B cell activation can help control ADA responses while reducing overall immunosuppression. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0042113 Phenotype 9c6c7850-7f6f-11ea-8185-001a4a160175 PMC7131491 Polyclonal Lymphocyte Activation Viruses acting as mitogens can stimulate polyclonal B lymphocyte activation and also enhance nonspecific T lymphocyte helper activity. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0050663 Phenotype 6dd15ea8-0991-11e6-883b-001a4ae51246 PMC4838252 Adequate lymphocyte activation by antigens, which leads to cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, plays a critical role in the development of immune response against invading pathogens. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006260 Phenotype cd0f5ab4-340a-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 PMC5652031 Lymphocyte activation induces DHODH activation and subsequently increased synthesis of the pyrimidine molecules thymine and cytosine, enabling DNA replication and rapid proliferation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype 77b9fa54-f542-11eb-af31-001a4a160175 30178304 Successful adaptive lymphocyte activation, on the other hand, leads to clonal expansion and differentiation into effector and memory cells. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030154 Phenotype 1e5d3172-bc42-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.smim.2010.04.010 Signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) associated protein (SAP), was shown to activate PKCθ and promote Th2 cell differentiation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype ba571cc4-5c13-11e7-bcb7-001a4ae51246 PMC5422484 cruziresults in polyclonal lymphocyte activation (24–27), which, by itself, triggers T cell apoptosis (28,29). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 7ccd6810-c8dd-11e5-9ad8-001a4ae51247 PMC1418656 In humans, IL-10 prevents lymphocyte activation-induced apoptosis (23,48) by induction of the Bcl-2 proteins. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 806c358e-bbd9-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.045 That is one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HIV because lymphocyte activation leads to cell proliferation and apoptosis[32,33]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 23c495b0-ae94-11ec-a61d-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8002305 These cytokines play important roles in photoaging and photo-damage by driving apoptosis and lymphocyte activation in the skin.Figure 7shows that UVB exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels ofTNFα,IL-1β,IL-6, andIL-13in HS68 cells. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 88ce5ba0-ca00-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 15284218 "Indeed, much of the cumulative data regarding sepsis may be reconciled in a model whereby the initial sepsis event (e.g., bacteremia) promotes lymphocyte activation and production of Th1 cytokines (72)⇓, including IL-2 and IFNγ, which are beneficial to the host (73⇓, 74)⇓. Subsequently, enhanced lymphocyte activation and proliferation leads to enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis, immunosuppression, anergy, loss of Th1 cytokine production, and a shift toward a Th2 profile." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 8e335342-cbf0-11e5-a19a-001a4ae51247 PMC113077 "These studies tested the hypothesis that a wave of lymphocyte activation occurs very soon after primary infection and serves to accelerate disease progression by increasing direct (virus infection) and indirect (apoptosis) CD4+T-cell depletion and limits the magnitude of the subsequent immune responses to virus." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype ab19b116-bc02-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4270336 According to serum analysis, decreased TIPE2 expression resulted in continual lymphocyte activation, which promoted Fas expression and lymphocyte apoptosis (48). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype 532e393a-bbea-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC1291377 However, it has been speculated, that lymphoid tissue depletion in PCV2-infected pigs is mainly related to decreased proliferative activity of lymphoid cells, and is caused by a long-standing absence of lymph node positive growth factors (mainly cytokines) produced by lymphocyte activation [41] rather than apoptosis [25]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006915 Phenotype b2ff19c8-bc1d-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.016 However, the pathogenic mechanisms of primary SS remain elusive because lymphocyte activation possibly leads to apoptosis of epithelial cells and vice versa. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype d66fa0c2-ca5e-11e5-9bd2-001a4ae51247 12882912 While TNF-α and FasL mediate lymphocyte activation-induced cell death (AICD) (28), TRAIL was generally thought to be incapable of inducing AICD in lymphocytes (15,28). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype 8c9aa68e-3755-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 25953674 In both cases, the ensuing hyperactive PI3K signaling results in a complex combination of immunodeficiencies and excessive lymphocyte activation: lymphoproliferation, lymphoma, hypogammaglobulinemia (Ig class-switch recombination deficiency), autoimmunity, and naïve T cell lymphopenia associated with enhanced lymphocyte activation-induced cell death. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype 8e335342-cbf0-11e5-a19a-001a4ae51247 PMC113077 "Substantial lymphocyte activation appeared to increase the level of SHIV replication and promote cell death by apoptosis." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype dc21e44a-bbf3-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2386515 Previously, it had been reported that lymphocyte activation by apoptosis induced cell death[37–39], occurring as a result of Fas–Fas-L interaction. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype bf9a5a4e-bc18-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3813913 Furthermore, previous results from our laboratory demonstrated that SEB exposure leads to increased production of HA in the lungs and in separate studies we demonstrated an important role of CD44 in lymphocyte activation-induced cell death (AICD), suggesting the possibility that SEB-induced HA production may protect immune cells from apoptosis through binding CD44 [2,13]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008219 Phenotype f9478422-c9fd-11e5-b88f-001a4ae51247 PMC517443 "Consistent with their activated phenotype, we can speculate that addition of both IL-2 and ConA induced inhibitory signals that may trigger lymphocyte activation-induced cell death, consistent with other infection models (20-21,25)." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype f9478422-c9fd-11e5-b88f-001a4ae51247 PMC517443 Moreover, NO secretion by primed CD4+T cell also might be involved in lymphocyte activation-induced cell death, as previously described (31). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0008219 Phenotype 5ef47952-ae94-11ec-b4ed-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8045461 High activation of immune cells within the infected tissue results in consequences such as lymphocyte activation-induced cell death and pathologic activation of alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells [10]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008219 Phenotype 7fd63ec0-bbf8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2195846 The deregulation of this pathway results in impaired lymphocyte activation–induced cell death providing a further basis for the increased susceptibility to lymphoma observed in PML−/− mice. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0008219 Phenotype 39870cae-a046-11e7-8d2b-001a4a160176 PMC5627964 Regarding immunization with P10 peptide in adjuvant, we could not try to improve immunogenicity by increasing the frequency of inoculations, because maintaining the same time intervals among immunization would impede subsequent yeast challenge with Pb18 (it has to be done in adolescent to young adults mice) [7–10,28,31,35,36], while if shortening the inoculation intervals, immunogenicity would have decreased due to lymphocyte Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) [37]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 60a8af86-c464-11e6-97d0-001a4ae51246 PMC5154135 Excessive lymphocyte activation can promote exacerbated inflammation and increase the risk for immune disease development [39]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 6bb7fccc-73a0-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s12035-023-03561-y The systemic inflammatory response in PD seems to be promoted by peripheral lymphocyte activation and augmented levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [145]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 8d03edc2-ea70-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103142 HSP90 is involved in antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, macrophages, dendritic cell maturation and the induction of enhanceosome-mediated inflammation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 3a79c99a-ab45-11e6-9ac8-001a4ae51246 PMC5022217 In this context, research to develop new anti-inflammatory agents to control the damage and exacerbated inflammation mediated, in part, by lymphocyte activation, has been stimulated. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 56db07fa-8998-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 PMC9616978 In bone marrow samples, we noticed similar lymphocyte activation program and myeloid cell–mediated inflammatory response compared with 6-month mouse (Fig. s6b), suggesting an obvious inflammatory perturbation in TERC-KO mouse bone marrow microenvironment. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype 35caddb4-ae94-11ec-8b2e-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8602834 We then performed functional enrichment analysis on the up-regulated genes through Metascape (33), and we did observe significant enrichment of pathways related to immune activation, such as lymphocyte activation, cytokine signaling in immune system, and inflammatory response (Figure 4C). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006954 Phenotype 4714f848-ae94-11ec-840e-0050569a791b PMCPMC8369351 Additionally, DCs of humans inflicted with malaria mediated strong immunosuppression through the induction of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1(IDO1) and Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3), which attenuates inflammatory response by decreasing class II antigen presentation (Vallejo et al., 2018). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006954 Phenotype f3e8249c-c484-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 PMC3552242 The nature of these host gene expression changes—including marked early overexpression of MHC class I genes in 1918-FS or -PTC infections, compared with 1918-WT infections—suggests that these perturbations in host response pathways affect lymphocyte activation and immune cell function that lead to an immunopathogenic inflammatory response (19). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0006954 Phenotype 5fed5f7a-c69f-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101655 Through altered DNAm, physical activity can reduce inflammation, regulate lymphocyte activation and differentiation, and lower risk of negative outcomes of cancer and its treatment. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0097503 Phenotype 43bd9a31-7fbf-11ea-81bf-001a4a160175 PMC7147860 Lymphocyte activation, however, results in an increase in the activity of this sialyltransferase, causing sialylation of the receptor and a decrease in cellular interaction. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007165 Phenotype b0628eb6-bbe6-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4352431 Lymphocyte activation activates the canonical NFκB signaling pathway that controls early and transient expression of CD69 on recently activated human cells [113]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0007165 Phenotype ff4790f8-bbe6-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3907717 Others have noted that such cells also express signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAMF1, CD150) (148), which inhibits CD40-mediated signal transduction (213), and would therefore interfere with two-way dendritic cell-T cell conversations. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0007165 Phenotype 12248ce6-390b-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 25454084 Fucoidan enhances macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte activation, which is likely to activate a signaling pathway leading to enhanced interleukins (IL), IL-12 production from macrophages (Kawashima et al., 2012). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006959 Phenotype f4158558-027e-11e6-92aa-001a4ae51246 PMC4814445 The MASP family may play a role in promoting the polyclonal lymphocyte activation that leads to hypergammaglobulinemia and the delayed specific humoral immune response, characteristic of the acute phase of Chagas disease. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0070527 Phenotype df1a69a2-bc47-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.09.019 This is most notable following B cell antigen receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation and thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation[39,40]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 inhibits GO:0046649 Phenotype 0e93d52e-ef3d-11e5-9b35-001a4ae51246 22420711 Two monoclonal antibodies targeting IL2Rα and thus inhibiting IL-2 mediated lymphocyte activation/proliferation are used for induction immunosuppression: basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis) is a recombinant chimeric mouse/human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and daclizumab (Zenapax, Hoffmann-La Roche) a humanized monoclonal antibody. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0016049 Phenotype 4be9a970-bbe5-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2816827 Moreover, lymphocyte activation initiates a programme of cell growth and proliferation that increases metabolic demand. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates MESH:D002470 Phenotype 90e48f6e-ab17-11e6-8a7c-001a4ae51246 PMC5059652 H2Elevated the Lymphocyte Activation Rate Damaged by the LDLTR The LTT showed that, whether at the 180 min time point or at the 240 min, the very low dose of radiation (0.1 Gy and 0.5 Gy) elevated the cell viability (Figures10(a)and10(b)); by contrast, when the dose was raised up to 2 Gy, the competence of transformation of the cells decreased (Figure 10(b)). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0045087 Phenotype 8dbccc09-2dac-11eb-a72f-001a4a160175 PMC7163546 Moreover, SCE has a broad biological effect in raising innate immunity to infections (enhancement of cytotoxic of natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes), lymphocyte activation, and IFN- production that may contribute to the restriction of PrV infection. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0000746 Phenotype de4bf86a-c8ea-11e5-891f-001a4ae51247 18198208 "Platelet–lymphocyte conjugation initiated by lymphocyte activation was partially inhibited by blocking each of the above adhesion molecules but was more markedly inhibited by the cocktailed blockade [48]." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0002076 Phenotype aa7cface-bbf8-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2556782 This notion of a dynamic cross talk between all components of the system is also supported by a recent study, which shows that primitive signaling lymphocyte activation molecule stem and progenitor cells can directly regulate osteoblast development (47). 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0032613 Phenotype 2bd898ba-ae93-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8390662 Taken together, several reports have demonstrated that mTOR specially supports Th2 lymphocyte activation since it promotes IL-10 production by DCs . 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0032615 Phenotype e65c872c-3c5d-11f0-86f5-0050569a1f61 PMC9372323 Lymphocyte activation gene-3, a MHC class II ligand expressed on activated T cells, stimulates TNF-alpha and IL-12 production by monocytes and dendritic cells. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006096 Phenotype f32e170a-bbe2-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2266987 Within 1 hour of stimulation, mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation led to an increase in glucose consumption, mostly metabolized to lactate, highlighting a rapid enhancement of glycolysis following lymphocyte activation. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0006096 Phenotype ab6d73e2-bc33-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC4121309 Activation induces similar molecular changes to reprogram metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cells Lymphocyte activation triggers a dramatic increase in glucose uptake and glycolysis. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030101 Phenotype 2bebc24c-ea36-11ee-b346-0050569a791b PMC9547868 "Similarly, integration of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-related receptor 2B4 into CARs significantly enhanced NK cell activation and overcame NK cell resistance of target autologous leukemia cells [80]." 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates GO:0030593 Phenotype 4aeb7be4-c7f7-11ee-b22c-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.063 Underlying immunologic abnormalities include reduced numbers and/or altered distributions and function of T and B cells[4,8,9], impaired lymphocyte expansion in infancy, increased lymphocyte activation and cytokine responses, particularly to interferons[8], decreased immunoglobulin A in saliva and decreased neutrophil chemotaxis[10,11]. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates FPLX:IFNA ProteinFamily d23710b0-353d-11e9-87c2-001a4a160175 PMC5899190 The lower levels of activated lymphocytes in IFN-α-blockaded animals supports the hypothesis that IFN-α signaling contributes to lymphocyte activation during SIV infection. 1 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 activates FPLX:IL12 ProteinFamily a4f382e8-bbe0-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC1360681 Conclusion We conclude that the axis of IL-12 driving lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ production, the primary adaptive immune response pathway towards a TH-1 phenotype, is not essential for the full manifestations of silicosis in mice exposed to a crystobalite silica aerosol. 1 UNIPROT:P51811 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9e778e10-cb2a-11e5-8189-001a4ae51246 12456588 "This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to demonstrate that a specific mAb to the Na,K‐ATPase β chain is able to block lymphocyte activation." 1 UNIPROT:P11912 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 934e8358-ae96-11ec-89b1-0050569a791b PMCPMC8626180 The system is based entirely on secretory IgA-mediated neutralization, lymphocyte activation beneath the intestinal mucosa, and the bactericidal actions of effector cells. 1 MESH:D004194 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 9970edce-bc40-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.10.026 The IL17/IL23 axis is critical in mediating the stimulation of neutrophil mobilization and lymphocyte activation, at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity and these cytokines have been investigated in several diseases with an inflammatory profile[7–9,12,13,21,22,26,28,41–43]. 1 UNIPROT:P48506 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e69bb74d-abd7-11eb-8ca4-001a4a160176 PMCPMC8067385 GCs inhibit lymphocyte activation and inflammatory mediator expression and induce lymphocyte apoptosis, actively reducing total blood lymphocyte numbers in asthmatics [16]. 1 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2cbef65c-377d-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 19477449 Results and discussion ConA-induced lymphocyte activation CD69 is the earliest activation marker newly synthesized and expressed during lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5925b9d8-c466-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 23275613 Con A binds mannose residues of different glycoproteins and induces lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 90a87a42-bbda-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.09.025 Future studies may be helpful to clarify the precise mechanisms by which CpG ODN pretreatment modulates Con A-induced lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P81460 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 946d2cd8-375a-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 PMC5746298 These results clearly demonstrate that Cx mimetic peptide Gap27 inhibits the ConA-induced lymphocyte activation and proliferative responsein vitro. 1 MESH:D009638 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5f5b0e62-bc22-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3671506 Norepinephrine and dopamine increased lymphocyte activation accompanied by augmented Th1 and Th2 type cytokine production [35]. 1 UNIPROT:O60603 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 642785be-c47f-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 21149644 "The blockade of TLR2 signaling inhibited lymphocyte activation, as determined by lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis to cancer cells (Figure 5A, B, C and E) and IFN-γ production (Figure 5D and F), and the opposite effects appeared with the addition of the TLR2 agonist." 1 UNIPROT:P48681 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 38ef5e44-bc2d-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.05.007 NES inhibits the migration and pro-inflammatory responses of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils (Van der Plas et al., 2007, 2009a) and prevents lymphocyte activation (Elkington et al., 2009)in vitro. 1 MESH:D006710 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 9df4c3c8-37a8-11e6-aaca-001a4ae51246 PMC4887324 Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified as mediators in the process, the exact mechanism of Hcy-mediated lymphocyte activation is not well understood. 1 UNIPROT:P11274 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 432c7984-351e-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 28978692 Although their functions are mostly redundant during TCR- and BCR-mediated lymphocyte activation (5,6), we previously found that moesin gene–inactivated mice exhibit lymphopenia in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LNs), indicating that moesin has a unique role in lymphocyte homeostasis (7). 1 CHEBI:4672 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical cbeff9a0-c9fd-11e5-be63-001a4ae51246 15161695 "Similarly, both paclitaxel and docetaxel cause a significant suppression of lymphocyte activation and growth in response to stimulatory concentrations of IL-2 [e.g., 10 and 50 μg/ml(19)] ." 1 UNIPROT:P40259 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein eef96d7a-c6c3-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115140 Immunization with mycobacterial HSP70 was shown to induce an anti-inflammatory HSP-specific T-cell response, and B29, a HSP70-derived peptide, induced antigen-specific Tregs expressing Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), a molecule that binds MHCII and can send inhibitory signals to APCs[136]. 1 CHEBI:28411 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical e112f084-c9fe-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 14734613 "In this paper, we propose a molecular mechanism for allicin‐induced lymphocyte activation which may mediate the antitumor effect of allicin." 1 UNIPROT:Q5ZPR3 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2eedf1ee-bbd8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jri.2006.08.009 The B7 family includes B7-H1 and B7-DC, which inhibit lymphocyte activation by binding to their receptor, PD-1; B7-H2, which stimulates lymphocytes through ICOS, a receptor preferentially expressed on Th2 lymphocytes; and B7-H3 and B7-H4, which each bind to as yet unknown receptors that can negatively (both B7-H3 and B7-H4) or positively (B7-H3 only) regulate the immune response. 1 UNIPROT:Q9UIB8 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a389041e-374e-11e8-bf76-001a4a160175 PMC5805483 One molecule, whose expression was strongly upregulated by CD74 activation, is signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)F5 (CD84), a member of the SLAM Ig superfamily (12). 1 UNIPROT:P30203 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 7efbd25a-c47a-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 21880988 "It has also been shown that recombinant soluble human CD6 (rshCD6) inhibits the maturation of the immune synapse and the subsequent lymphocyte activation (Gimferrer et al., 2004;Hassan et al., 2004;Zimmerman et al., 2006), indicating that CD5 and CD6 possess important immunoregulatory properties." 1 CHEBI:87183 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 299c0b7e-ae96-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8839522 The STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 restored neural-immune function in BTBR animal models [13] and downregulated chemokine receptors, inflammatory biomarkers, and lymphocyte activation markers [14]. 1 UNIPROT:Q25074 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 8af1c29e-f58a-11eb-949e-001a4a160176 30513382 h suggests an E2 stimulated aquaporin-expression by inducing lymphocyte activation and differentiation [64,66]. 1 CHEBI:28875 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 177c5884-bbe7-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4358224 Mimicking Ca2+and DAG activation with the addition of calcium ionophores and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is sufficient to induce many aspects of lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and effector responsesin vitro. 1 GO:0019882 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 502a2c9e-c482-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 23160464 These data suggest that Rab27a and Stx11 may differently contribute to lymphocyte activation by controlling antigen presentation, thus adding an additional level of complexity in the mechanisms adjusting HLH severity. 1 GO:0042100 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 529bf302-bc4b-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.046 Antigen-independent B-cell proliferation on CD3/CD28-mediated lymphocyte activation and CpG/IL-2 stimulation were abnormal, which is in contrast to the normal antigen-dependent IgM/CD40 B-cell activation (Fig 1,A). 1 MESH:D015759 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0cbc9fd2-bc30-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2647172 Upregulation of CD98 expression also occurs during lymphocyte activation induced by mitogens, superantigens, conventional antigens and a combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (14). 1 MESH:D015759 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0547013e-5c34-11e7-bcb7-001a4ae51246 PMC5343806 Lymphocyte Activation and In Vitro Expansion After harvest, DLN were dispersed into a single cell suspension at 1 × 106cells/mL and activated by incubation with 5 nM bryostatin-1 (provided by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA) and 10 nM ionomycin (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA, USA), B/I, and 80 U/mL of rIL-2 (Chiron, Emeryville, CA, USA) as per our previous protocol [6]. 1 UNIPROT:P35225 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b4f829f1-f5d6-11eb-a9e7-001a4a160176 31529342 IL-13 inhibits macrophage and lymphocyte activation, increases the production of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 on the endothelium and downregulates prostaglandin (PG) and E2 production [25]. 1 FPLX:Ubiquitin activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily bc3693b6-bc01-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4189678 Inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway Blocking the MHC class I antigen processing, presentation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction system can inhibit the proliferation of lymphocyte activation and induce ITP T cell tolerance. 1 MESH:D006863 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 76255a61-f58e-11eb-95ac-001a4a160176 30184728 Lower pH in endosomes and lysosomes (~5.0 and 6.5) allowed the reaction between hydrogen ions (H+) and NH4HCO3to generate NH3and CO2, which broke NPs, released antigens and induced greater lymphocyte activation, stronger cytotoxic capacity and enhanced production of antigen-specific CD8+T cells and specific IgG antibodies. 1 MESH:D006863 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype dd292c82-bc51-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3362838 It has been postulated that low vaginal pH inhibits CD4 lymphocyte activation and reduces HIV target cells in the vagina. 1 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 360756e2-bc54-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.07.002 Effect of molybdate and CsA on lymphocyte activation Co-administration of 0.1mM molybdate with 2.5–30μg/mL CsA resulted in dose-related suppression of PHA-induced lymphocyte activation (Fig. 4B), as indicated by the decreases in the percentage of lymphoblasts (r=−0.9,p<0.001) paralleled by increased proportion of unactivated lymphocytes (r=0.8,p<0.001) and aberrant cells (r=0.8,p<0.001) and by the significant negative correlation between unactivated lymphocytes and lymphoblasts (r=−0.9,p<0.001). 1 UNIPROT:U5L397 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6c16b504-bbda-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.023 Briefly, ex vivo lymphocyte activation was induced by stimulation with 5μg/mL PHA, and control samples in the absence of PHA were used to determine the extent of spontaneous lymphocyte activation. 1 FPLX:IFNA activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily d23710b0-353d-11e9-87c2-001a4a160175 PMC5899190 It is unknown whether a long-term IFN-α blockade strategy would more effectively decrease lymphocyte activation without inducing SIV resistance to the antiviral effects of the ISG program. 1 UNIPROT:P10747 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 125fc070-bc41-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2698930 For example, rapamycin suppresses T cell proliferation in part through its inhibitory effects on cytokine production, cytokine signaling, and on T cell receptor/CD28 mediated lymphocyte activation [10]. 1 UNIPROT:P10747 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 04f3a242-354a-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 18180203 Results depicted inFigure 4showed that infection decreased iNOS expression induced by CD3/CD28-mediated lymphocyte activation, while · 1 UNIPROT:P10747 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 529bf302-bc4b-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.046 Antigen-independent B-cell proliferation on CD3/CD28-mediated lymphocyte activation and CpG/IL-2 stimulation were abnormal, which is in contrast to the normal antigen-dependent IgM/CD40 B-cell activation (Fig 1,A). 1 PF:PF03545 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 630aa9ae-cb28-11e5-8189-001a4ae51246 PMC125424 Together, YopE and YopH, which suppresses lymphocyte activation by interfering with antigen receptor signaling (Yaoet al., 1999), could mediate the TTSS virulence‐plasmid‐dependent suppression of cellular immunity observed after infection of BALB/c mice withYersinia(Ruiz‐Bravoet al., 1996). 1 UNIPROT:P02647 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2130ae0e-bc53-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4269593 Existing evidence suggests that APO-AI can prevent lymphocyte activation and proliferation by regulating the cellular cholesterol balance in peripheral lymph nodes, thus modulating immune cell function [32]. 1 MESH:D012194 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0a1cc726-c47c-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 21393471 We hypothesized that RT induces lymphocyte activation and apoptosis in an intensity-dependent manner. 1 UNIPROT:O43602 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein d95f180e-bc52-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3968122 CD11c+DC were necessary for lymphocyte activation by RRV To determine their contribution to lymphocyte activation, sorted DN cells were cultured with sorted B or T cells in the presence of RRV. 1 UNIPROT:O43602 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein ca481c3c-8a74-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 PMC9207826 The receptor engagement drives differentiation of an unprecedented DC phenotype (homeDCs) that contributes to immune homeostasis without compromising lymphocyte activation and immunogenic response. 1 UNIPROT:Q9UDY8 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 34756dd2-bbfa-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3192321 There is even a claim that MALT1 can heterodimerize with caspase-8, raising the intriguing notion that this complex regulates necrosis in lymphocyte activation (Kawadler et al., 2008). 1 UNIPROT:P80098 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0e1b94c0-c47b-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 PMC3311318 CCL7 is known to modulate lymphocyte activation and maturation (1) and was also found to be increased in stroke (48). 1 PF:PF00250 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 4ccbdcda-bc4b-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.015 "Regulatory T–associated markers (forkhead box protein 3, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor, lymphocyte activation gene 3 mRNA expression) and T h 2/T h 1/T h 17 cytokines were examined." 1 UNIPROT:P26842 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 47b87766-ca02-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 16129676 Analyses of TRAF5-deficient mice indicated that TRAF5 is required for CD40- and CD27-mediated lymphocyte activation (28). 1 UNIPROT:P26842 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein d30ad228-cb29-11e5-a6cd-001a4ae51247 11865024 "TRAF5 deficiency led to more specific defects in CD40- and CD27-mediated lymphocyte activation, whereas TNF-mediated NF-κB activation was not severely affected (Nakano et al., 1999)." 1 UNIPROT:P04818 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2f3b1b5e-340d-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 24368098 TMS applied to animal and human cerebral cortex modulates lymphocyte activation and blood lymphocyte numbers within hours[2,5]. 1 UNIPROT:Q05209 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a29f6132-bbff-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.010 Furthermore, Davidson et al. showed that PTP-PEST interacts with p130Cas, paxillin, Csk and negatively regulates lymphocyte activation by dephosphorylating p130Cas, FAK, Shc, and inhibiting Ras signaling pathway. 1 UNIPROT:Q05209 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 56fec524-c8de-11e5-a1fd-001a4ae51246 PMC1800677 PTP-PEST reduces lymphocyte activation by inhibiting the Ras-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway (29). 1 UNIPROT:Q99PQ1 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c812e33c-bc2a-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4253413 Variations of another 3 genes could be connected with B cell activation: CD69 was overexpressed 4 fold in IgA tumors (similar to its overexpression polyclonal α1KI B cells) [6,38]);Trim12(a repressor of lymphocyte activation) [39] was down-regulated 27 fold in IgA+ tumors, so as the gene for MARCH1, an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase targeting some membrane receptors for degradation and down-regulated by B cell activation [40]. 1 CHEBI:9747 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical e36f75dc-f587-11eb-93e6-001a4a160176 30861393 Triptolide was reported to inhibit lymphocyte activation and T cell expression of IL-2 at transcription level by inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activation [10]. 1 CHEBI:75998 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 48b3da5c-c46c-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 24764582 Trametinib alone and in combination with dabrafenib impairs expansion of antigen-specific T lymphocytes To investigate the effect of dabrafenib, trametinib, and their combinations on lymphocyte activation and proliferation,in vitropeptide antigens were used to stimulate antigen-specific CD8+T lymphocytes in whole PBMC cultures. 1 GO:0006955 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bd825e32-bbe1-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3848751 Likely mechanisms involve altered expression of key immune regulators, induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in circulating PBMC, impaired lymphocyte activation and macrophage function, and altered cellular and humoral immunity (Table1). 1 GO:0006955 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0b10dba8-c712-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105637 Interleukin-1β is involved in the immune response by directing phagocytic cells to inflammatory sites and promoting lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 GO:0006351 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b7c7baf2-bbf8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2768848 The subsequent recruitment of TRAF6 and Nemo/IKKγ to the complex results in NF-κB–dependent gene transcription, which is necessary for lymphocyte activation (Rawlings et al., 2006; Thome, 2008). 1 GO:0006351 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bc3bd5a2-ca01-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 15817701 This differential regulation of transcription factors underlines the central importance of [Ca2+]isignals in determining the functional outcome of lymphocyte activation. 1 GO:0006351 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 858ebc8c-351e-11e9-8325-001a4a160175 PMC6017153 It has been shown that these transcription factors cooperate to promote cytotoxic lymphocyte activation by inducing the expression of perforin and GrB (55). 1 UNIPROT:P22001 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f09aaf9e-acaf-11e6-b1aa-001a4ae51246 PMC4975310 Our data indicate that by specific inhibition of Kv1.3 channels, lymphocyte activation can be modulated in T1DM. 1 UNIPROT:P22001 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6ff0b382-bc52-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.06.009 Our data indicate that by specific inhibition of Kv1.3 channels, lymphocyte activation can be modulated in T1DM. 1 UNIPROT:P01189 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 187cc14c-3903-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 22244960 ACTH can inhibit lymphocyte activation directly via MCR on lymphocytes in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT–Peyer's patch) that is unrelated to stimulation of glucocorticoid release[11,12]. 1 UNIPROT:P01189 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 38d6faf2-c679-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122779 ACTH, after surviving passage through the upper GI tract, most likely inhibits lymphocyte activation directly via MCR (melanocortin effect) in the GALT that is unrelated to stimulation of glucocorticoid release (corticotropin effect) [38,39]. 1 UNIPROT:P06127 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9ea7520e-b996-11ee-a9a2-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11033-019-05087-w On the surface of these lymphoid cells, CD5 is physically associated to T-cell and B-cell antigen-specific receptors and modulates the intensity of antigen-driven lymphocyte activation and differentiation signals [21]. 1 UNIPROT:P42345 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein acee34c2-c85a-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.02.007 For instance, sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin pathway modulator, inhibits lymphocyte activation while preserving regulatory T cells (Tregs)[2]. 1 GO:0014823 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype ca36ad2c-cb27-11e5-9aa0-001a4ae51247 11350752 We therefore hypothesized that the generation of free oxygen radicals in response to exercise might induce lymphocyte activation and increased production of cytokines. 1 UNIPROT:P07204 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9e60cb14-bbd3-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4016316 Viral particles and recombinant or native viral TM proteins of HIV-1 [44-47], human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K [48], PERV [40,49] and KoRV [20] have been shown to inhibit lymphocyte activation by mitogens and modulate cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 1 UNIPROT:P43629 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein dc7f1de6-bc38-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2819578 Depending upon the individual receptor, KIR can either positively or negatively regulate lymphocyte activation and function. 1 UNIPROT:P43629 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein ea962994-ec2e-11e5-acc1-001a4ae51246 PMC4776076 These include killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), C-type lectin-like receptors, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors, and natural cytotoxicity receptors, among others (20). 1 UNIPROT:O95999 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b94e6b54-c47d-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 PMC2926749 Mechanisms by which CBM-associated BCL10 supports lymphocyte activation are not completely understood. 1 UNIPROT:P06886 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 95f10792-cc03-11e5-a19a-001a4ae51247 PMC21651 MIF Is a Mediator of Lymphocyte Activation induced by TSST-1. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 06db94ca-9d4a-11ee-a9a2-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s00204-021-03030-2 PD-L1 inhibits T cell proliferation and negatively regulates lymphocyte activation, and PD-L1 and PD-1 can together induce T cell apoptosis, dysfunction and exhaustion, thereby inhibiting the activation, proliferation and antitumor function of tumor antigen-specific CD8+T cells and achieving tumor immune evasion (Gordon et al.35). 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 3889b4e0-c9cb-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.007 For instance, miR-142–5p-mediated PD-L1 inhibition promoted CD4+and CD8+lymphocyte activation, leading to the stimulation of anti-oncogenic cytokines in pancreatic tumors[171]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 75af3fd2-b70f-11e7-b059-001a4a160175 PMC5637785 Results: NmU-overexpressing cells and their EVs have increased immunosuppressive cytokine TFGM-β1and lymphocyte activation inhibitor PD-L1. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein fccaff84-bc3d-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC4016872 As an immune inhibitory receptor, PD-1 interacts with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which can suppress lymphocyte activation and cytokine production [7]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c9876c4a-bc31-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3756078 We hypothesized that, next to the formation of a synapse by integrin MAC-1 on neutrophils, expression of PD-L1 would contribute to the suppressive function on lymphocyte proliferation because expression of this molecule on other cell types enables suppression of lymphocyte activation and proliferation[11]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NZQ7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 19c7f3fc-80fe-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s00432-022-04452-w Ligand PD-1, PD-L1, mediates the lymphocyte activation negative feedback and helps restore a steady state after acute immune responses. 1 GO:0050728 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 85bff6c0-ae93-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8005181 As such, this challenge cohort appears typical of the EVD NHP model, and was suitable for investigation of disease-associated biomarkers.Severe EVD pathogenesis in primates bears many of the hallmarks of sepsis and is frequently described as having two distinct phases: (1) an initial pro-inflammatory phase characterized by widespread activation of cytokines/chemokines like TNF-α and IL-1β, and (2) a disrupted anti-inflammatory response that can limit successful lymphocyte activation and function, and which is distinguished by dramatic lymphopenia [6]. 1 UNIPROT:P20023 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein faa252a6-bc52-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3088705 Similarly to the effect of C3d, EBV binding to CD21 induces lymphocyte activation and capping of virus and CD21 with other B cell surface molecules such as tetraspanins and adhesion molecules. 1 MESH:D020031 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0bf18e7e-9bb5-11ee-a19b-0050569a791b 10.1007/s10072-021-05309-9 There is evidence that EBV infection causes lymphocyte activation and autoreactivity to myelin components, leading to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and infiltration of the brain with inflammatory cells, resulting in demyelinating lesions and axonal degeneration [2]. 1 UNIPROT:P55036 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5077d704-bbe1-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3877546 Moreover, AF increased the levels of the lymphocyte activation and differentiation factor phospho-ZAP-70(Tyr319)/SyK(Tyr352) (Figure 5c). 1 GO:0043312 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 7cc3466e-ae96-11ec-a61d-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8472668 At this stage, neutrophil degranulation promotes lymphocyte activation, which triggers the release of mediators that attract more immune cells to the inflamed tissue. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NYK1 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1082c406-c8ed-11e5-9faa-001a4ae51247 18824599 Thus, our data suggest that sustained triggering of TLR7 induces particular lymphocyte activation in secondary lymphoid organs, but prevents an adequate antibody response against UV-VSV. 1 UNIPROT:Q15070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 657469b0-efbc-11e5-872c-001a4ae51246 21175774 HSA, a protein antigen, may induce lymphocyte activation or tolerance. 1 UNIPROT:Q9BXL7 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b42a4992-c84b-11ee-9aaa-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114924 BCR participates in lymphocyte activation driven by the CARD11/CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex (Seeholzer et al., 2018), therefore, the downregulation of BCL10 weakens the BCR signaling pathway, making it difficult for further cell activation and immune function (Abbas et al., 2018). 1 UNIPROT:Q8NEV9 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c980b588-34df-11e9-ab56-001a4a160175 PMC6413774 IL-27 induces the lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag3) in Tregs (19) , and Lag3 expression in Tregs was required for IL-27 to inhibit allergic inflammation. 1 CHEBI:18220 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical a1f3b332-bc45-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC2984117 Modulation of immune function The isoflavone daidzein administered orally stimulated murine nonspecific immunity, activated hormoral immunity, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and at physiologically relevant concentrations potentiated lymphocyte activation, suggesting that its immunostimulatory effects may be involved in cancer prevention (Birtet al.,2001). 1 UNIPROT:Q14005 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e9702cc6-c8e9-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 PMC2620884 "Of note, IL-16, which binds to CD4 domain 4, was shown to inhibit CD3-dependent lymphocyte activation and desensitize chemokine receptors (12,63), but IL-16-induced defects were not all dependent on Lck (63)." 1 UNIPROT:Q14005 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e486b902-d573-11ea-ba4f-001a4a160176 PMC7423151 However, the pretreatment of IL16 inhibits CD3/T cell receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation [14]. 1 UNIPROT:C0NUU1 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2cbebd1e-d437-11e5-8c94-001a4ae51246 PMC4516786 Therefore, SMase D would be expected to promote Ca2+entry and thus lymphocyte activation. 1 CHEBI:53109 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical fa28c150-fdc7-11e5-b70a-001a4ae51246 PMC4820712 In addition, enrichment of SLE microbiota with Bb may prevent lymphocyte activation whereas Cl supplementation restores Th17/Th1 balance. 1 GO:0008283 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bb551692-c9fe-11e5-b88f-001a4ae51247 14718604 "Inhibition of CD3-Induced Proliferation and Cytokine Production by Purified Human CD4+Lymphocytes.Highly purified CD4+T-cells were stimulated with a combination of CD3 and CD28 mAb to mimic lymphocyte activation via the TCR/CD3 complex and the (probably) most important costimulatory molecule, CD28 (Lenschow et al., 1996)." 1 GO:0008283 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype da164bfa-2db0-11eb-a78f-001a4a160175 PMC7092322 CARD11 is a scaffold protein required for TCR-and B-cell receptor-(BCR) induced NF-κB activation as well as lymphocyte activation and proliferation, which is specifi cally expressed in hematopoietic cells. 1 MESH:D009369 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 13943944-ab47-11e6-9646-001a4ae51246 PMC5342456 Recently, Shalapour et al. discovered that B cells can down-regulate the response to low-dose oxaliplatin (an immunogenic chemotherapeutic agent) in mouse prostate cancer models; specifically, B cells can induce immunogenic cell apoptosis to promote tumor-directed cytotoxic lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D009369 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 15878bfa-c8e6-11e5-9ad8-001a4ae51247 17709373 MIF has been indirectly implicated in tumor growth and progression by stimulating tumor-dependent stromal processes such as neovascularization (16,19,20) as well as macrophage and lymphocyte activation and survival (21,22). 1 MESH:D009369 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype d971aa54-bc0d-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3317372 Central to this immune breakdown may be the ability of some immunogenic tumors to block activation of dendritic cells, the primary antigen-presenting cells responsible for downstream effector T-cell lymphocyte activation [13]. 1 UNIPROT:P01730 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1a3c1d8a-c479-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 21834921 Expression of HLA-DR class II antigen is normally restricted to professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) in which it presents antigens to CD4-positive T-cells promoting lymphocyte activation and infiltration in conjunctival epithelium. 1 UNIPROT:P05112 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0ae04da0-3807-11e6-8a17-001a4ae51247 PMC4380623 Discussion The Th2 immune cytokine, interluekin-4 (IL4), is known to induce lymphocyte activation and differentiation, and regulate increased lymphocyte proliferation and survival through the type I IL4 receptor (IL4R)[3]. 1 UNIPROT:P22301 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a876a07a-34e7-11e9-8325-001a4a160175 PMC6305612 Those findings could suggest that TRT suppresses the immune response by stimulating macrophages to produce IL-10 (suppressor cytokine), which prevents lymphocyte activation. 1 GO:0009405 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype f6f88be4-ca5c-11e5-a3f7-001a4ae51246 PMC155766 This AEEC-associated (19) virulence gene is involved in the capability of EHEC to adhere to CHO cells (29) and in the repression of the host lymphocyte activation response by EPEC (19). 1 MESH:D009569 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 19f97fc2-bc48-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.09.010 According to our results, inhibition of IL-2 could be one target to inhibit IFNγ and NO production induced by MAM to prevent tissue damage caused by macrophages and also to prevent lymphocyte activation, decreasing the toxic effects of this superantigen and its capacity to trigger autoimmunity. 1 MESH:D009569 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 19f97fc2-bc48-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.09.010 According to our results, inhibition of IL-2 could be one target to inhibit IFNγ and NO production induced by MAM to prevent tissue damage caused by macrophages and also to prevent lymphocyte activation, decreasing the toxic effects of this superantigen and its capacity to trigger autoimmunity. 1 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype ef0cd810-3385-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 26830740 Mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation is dependent upon glucose uptake and catabolism to provide the energy needed for their proliferation, and secretory activities. 1 MESH:D008934 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 9e778e10-cb2a-11e5-8189-001a4ae51246 12456588 "Inactivation of Na,K‐ATPase by specific inhibitors causes inhibition of both mitogen‐ and antigen‐induced lymphocyte activation (31–33)." 1 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 90ff67fa-c470-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 PMC2769260 Indeed, vinblastine has been reported to inhibit mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation (24), induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity (25), tumoricidal potential of macrophages (26), natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity (27), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (28), humoral immune responses (29), cellular immune protection against microbial infection (30), and host antitumor immunity (31). 1 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype f32e170a-bbe2-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2266987 Within 1 hour of stimulation, mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation led to an increase in glucose consumption, mostly metabolized to lactate, highlighting a rapid enhancement of glycolysis following lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D008934 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 080f1c00-d11f-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11010-018-3325-9 This finding will contribute to broaden the network of metabolic effectors involved in mitogen-mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:P01584 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein def9b95e-bc43-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.003 Biologically active IL-1β, which is secreted at sites of infection, mechanical injury, or abiotic stress, triggers local effects (leukocyte infiltration, lymphocyte activation) and distant effects (fever, acute phase protein induction)[30,31]. 1 UNIPROT:P01584 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 89f81cfe-3515-11e9-8aa6-001a4a160176 PMC6067066 IL-1β and IL-6 induces an acute immune response and lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P20333 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bea62c4e-c479-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 PMC3183821 TNFR2 is expressed predominantly by lymphocytes and stimulates lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P20333 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 599fded7-dc8f-11ea-a4c1-001a4a160175 PMC6792291 In contrast, TNFR2 primarily mediates lymphocyte activation and proliferation.58 Expression levels of both TNF-α and soluble TNFR are up-regulated in synovial fluid and synovial membrane in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, especially in areas adjacent to erosions, and increased concentrations of the shed receptors appear to correlate with disease activity.59TNFR1 has been identified as the driving force in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. 1 UNIPROT:P20333 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 7d608165-f53d-11eb-ad60-001a4a160175 29801770 In contrast, TNFR2 primarily mediates lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:P20333 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f90dc606-ca02-11e5-9b70-001a4ae51247 15929959 TNFR-2 can also signal lymphocyte activation, as shown for human thymocytes and peripheral T-cells stimulated by concavalin A3. 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 0dfe1c0e-3540-11e9-a756-001a4a160176 PMC5834686 Therefore, the observed sex differences in HLA-mediated shaping of the TCR repertoire could in part be caused or facilitated by the steroid hormone milieu, influencing lymphocyte activation during immune responses (32,45), but also their maturation during thymic selection (46). 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 49a5c106-bc50-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.it.2007.08.008 MTOC polarisation at the IS is driven by the kinase ZAP-70 that is a key regulator of TCR-mediated lymphocyte activation[71]. 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily d0d488a4-c8eb-11e5-a801-001a4ae51246 18772140 The pathway of TLR-MyD88-IRAK4-TRAF6-TAK/TAB-IKK-NF-κB plays an essential role in TLR-mediated host defense against microbial infection (22), whereas the pathway of TCR-PKC-Bcl10/MALT1-TRAF6-TAK/TAB-IKK-NF-κB regulates TCR-induced lymphocyte activation (18). 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 079e6a9c-c47f-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 PMC2975178 For example, channels with characteristics of L-type Ca2+channels are found in T cells, and inhibitor studies have shown that these channels play a role in mediating TCR-induced lymphocyte activation and proliferation bothin vitroandin vivo(70,71). 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 278776da-3900-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 26206083 The scaffold protein CARMA1 is required for TCR-induced lymphocyte activation. 1 FPLX:TCR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily d4cf27bb-f57c-11eb-86c3-001a4a160175 32152698 MAGT1deficiency compromises TCR signaling and glycosylation MAGT1encodes a magnesium transporter that acts as a second messenger in TCR-mediated lymphocyte activation (Li et al.67). 1 MESH:D002784 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0dde5eb2-ae93-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8750448 Cholesterol has been identified to upregulate the expression of exhaustion markers such as PD-1, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), or Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 protein (LAG-3) in CD8 T cells. 1 CHEBI:49468 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 39ef134e-c483-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC3398133 Overall, these data suggest that tLNs have a similar ability to control LNs in supporting Ag-driven lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 GO:0042110 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 8f8496ec-ae94-11ec-b4ed-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8112935 It intervenes early in T cell activation in the secondary lymphoid organs, during the presentation of the tumor antigen by the naive T lymphocyte dendritic cells, by inhibiting lymphocyte activation in T effectors. 1 MESH:D010100 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype ca36ad2c-cb27-11e5-9aa0-001a4ae51247 11350752 We therefore hypothesized that the generation of free oxygen radicals in response to exercise might induce lymphocyte activation and increased production of cytokines. 1 FPLX:PLC inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 3db40902-f577-11eb-8ec7-001a4a160176 PMC7189775 Looking specifically at their immune-modulating properties, AFSC and PLC have both been shown to inhibit lymphocyte activation, stably produce a tolerogenic secretome, contribute to multiple mechanisms of tissue regeneration, and have demonstrated the potential for long-term engraftment [134,136,137–138]. 1 FPLX:PPP3 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily c322c1c6-c47c-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC3726269 Calcineurin inhibition suppresses transplant rejection by inhibiting lymphocyte activation. 1 GO:0090195 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype cc507ea8-bc31-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3542340 Therefore we can also soundly hypothesize that DON-induced MAPK activation in IECs induces chemokine secretion which then stimulates intestinal DCs, thus initiating the classical immune response cascade and lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D016559 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype e417b724-bc52-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2745662 This indicates that FK506 immunosuppressive drug treatment may directly block KSHV reactivationin vivoor suppress lymphocyte activation at an early stage of infection, indirectly affecting KSHV persistent infection. 1 MESH:D016559 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0ef4412d-6ff5-11e9-9f5a-001a4a160176 PMC6300168 Conclusion:Topical tacrolimus and clobetasol ointments are useful adjuvant methods to control acute hand allotransplant rejection and modulate lymphocyte activation, especially in T cells. 1 MESH:D016559 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 719fac86-bc4a-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.040 Tacrolimus prevents cytokine transcription and lymphocyte activation and, although the mechanism by which it affects the complement cascade remains unknown, our findings suggest a greater immunosuppressive effect of tacrolimusFig. 1 MESH:D016559 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype b7b6d812-c8e7-11e5-9ad8-001a4ae51247 PMC1951393 A Cs/CyP and FK506/FKBP (FK506 binding protein) complex is essential for immunosuppression of lymphocyte activation (35), silencing NF-AT activity through calcineurin inhibition (28,29). 1 MESH:D016559 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6d5fea14-c479-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 22058159 Tacrolimus is a potent inhibitor of lymphocyte activation (1). 1 MESH:D020123 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype acee34c2-c85a-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.02.007 For instance, sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin pathway modulator, inhibits lymphocyte activation while preserving regulatory T cells (Tregs)[2]. 1 UNIPROT:P01589 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 268a6f46-c47a-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 PMC3069676 Induction of CD25 expression is a characteristic feature of HTLV-I–infected lymphocytes,28and is known to be mediated in an NF-κB–dependent manner by the HTLV-I–transactivating protein Tax.15CD69 is an early lymphocyte activation marker whose expression can be induced by IL-15,29a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is induced by HTLV-I infection in an NF-κB–dependent manner.14Consistent with their NF-κB dependence, the induction of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 was significantly reduced by the use of NF-κB inhibitors in HAM/TSP. 1 UNIPROT:P06239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 7a1eeb70-ae96-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8802305 "Lck kinase promotes T-cell lymphocyte activation through the activation of various transcription factors, such as NF-κB, NFAT and AP-1, which are essential for HIV-1 replication." 1 CHEBI:67079 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 503563e4-bc43-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4088369 Abbreviations CsA: Cyclosporine A, prescription anti-inflammatory agent inhibits lymphocyte activation; Ster: Steroids, prescription methylyprednisolone-receptor complex binds to DNA, to trigger anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses; Art Tr: Artificial tears; OTC: Over-the-counter, buffered electrolyte solutions/viscosity agents; Gel: Gels OTC linked HMW polymers of acrylic acid to increase retention times; Oils: OTC mineral oils and petrolatum to increase tear film viscosity. 1 MESH:D014807 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 72cdb4a8-ca01-11e5-9b70-001a4ae51247 PMC1867554 Vitamin D has immunosuppressive effects, inhibiting lymphocyte activation and cytokine and immunoglobulin production.12Infants who received vitamin D have a lower incidence of T1DM in adulthood.13Furthermore, administration of vitamin D to pregnant women lowers the incidence of T1DM in their offspring. 1 UNIPROT:Q15306 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 11aa61a4-cb2c-11e5-9aa0-001a4ae51247 12374808 "Studies of the mechanisms employed by IRF-4 to modulate lymphocyte activation have so far primarily focused on its role in B cells." 1 UNIPROT:Q13586 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 74e1ad78-3910-11e8-b868-001a4a160176 PMC5690472 The STIM1 loss-of-function mutation abrogates SOCE and impairs lymphocyte activation, mainly due to a failure to activate the calcineurin/NFAT system [14]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9Y2I7 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 16603686-5ca0-11e7-86a3-001a4ae51246 26773155 The C-terminal domain of PIP5Kβ mediates cytoskeletal rearrangement and FLNA recruitment into the IS Lymphocyte activation and polarization are accompanied by rapid cytoskeletal rearrangements and by the assembly of specialized membrane rafts. 1 UNIPROT:O60682 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f4010f52-aa75-11e6-bcbe-001a4ae51246 PMC5192361 Indeed, MSC downregulate effector lymphocyte activation using indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), heme oxygenase (HO), arginase 1 and 2 (ARG1-2), nitric oxidase synthase 2 (NOS2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), TGF-β, IL10, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [43,44,45,46,47,48]. 1 UNIPROT:O60682 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6242848c-bbde-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3870890 pMSC does not induce human T cell apoptosis MSC are known to prevent lymphocyte activation and proliferation through induction of apoptosis. 1 CHEBI:26333 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical d3864566-bc42-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.054 The trophoblast secretes interferon tau (IFN-τ), while both trophoblast and endometrium secrete prostaglandin E2and the endometrial glands secrete serpins (uterine milk proteins), all of which inhibit lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D007501 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 3c6cbc66-bc36-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4542211 In conclusion, we report here that iron deprivation impairs intra-hepatic lymphocyte activation and proliferation and results in a beneficial effect on immune mediated hepatitis. 1 MESH:D007501 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 3c6cbc66-bc36-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4542211 While oxidative stress and macrophage activation are certainly involved in amplifying liver damage following ConA administration, our findings that iron deficiency results in decreased intra-hepatic T/NKT lymphocyte infiltration and reduced lymphocyte activation and effector function indicates that iron deficiency can also influence the outcome of immune-mediated hepatitis by directly inhibiting intra-hepatic lymphocyte function. 1 UNIPROT:P03406 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 01d07ece-cb8d-11e5-984a-001a4ae51247 PMC26674 Contrasting with these results, other reports have suggested that Nef inhibits lymphocyte activation (10–19): for instance, in Jurkat cell clones stably expressing HIV-1nef(10–14) or electroporated with recombinant nonmyristoylated Nef (15,16). 1 UNIPROT:P10523 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 53fccdb4-c8e6-11e5-a1fd-001a4ae51246 PMC2224452 "Further studies are in progress to determine the exact mechanism of resistance to MMTV observed in the B10.BR mouse strain and to map the allele that affects Sag-mediated lymphocyte activation." 1 UNIPROT:P48061 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bfeb77ec-c82d-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 PMC10313922 High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), synergistic with CXCL12 to induce lymphocyte activation,33was also reduced in iMUC of CD patients (Figures 3A andS3B). 1 UNIPROT:P48061 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 254d15ce-cb29-11e5-b419-001a4ae51246 11261794 "SDF-1 itself might also directly mediate T cell adhesion and migration, since ECs can immobilize CKs on surface proteoglycans and these can mediate lymphocyte activation, adhesion, and migration [42,59]." 1 UNIPROT:P02649 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein db32f10e-cb2b-11e5-9aa0-001a4ae51247 11884289 Firstly, apoE is capable of suppressing agonist-induced platelet aggregation and activation.22,23⇓Second, apoE has been shown to limit inflammatory response by suppressing lymphocyte activation in response to mitogenic stimulation.19,24,25⇓⇓Finally, apoE has also been shown to directly inhibit smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.15,16⇓It is not clear which if any of these putative actions of apoE is dominant in the in vivo situation. 1 UNIPROT:Q13480 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 64129a28-bc46-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3190958 Phosphorylated GAB1 interacts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and the N-terminal PH domain of GAB1 binds to 3-phosphoinositide (PI3).42Putative transcripts from the alternative promoter of GAB1 lack the PH domain, which may reduce PI3K lymphocyte activation via immunoreceptors and cytokine receptors by competing as a PI3 docking-deficient isoform. 1 CHEBI:15903 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 028a554a-bbdb-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4379960 Here, we report that curdlan, a specific Dectin-1 agonist, enhances lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and development of IL-17-producing T cells induced byP. 1 MESH:C074650 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6ee40e2e-c47e-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 20085909 "Moreover, Ly-6A (Sca-1) negatively regulates lymphocyte activation via influencing T cell signaling and T cell receptor expression (27,28)." 1 PF:PF00683 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily c1d23d64-c884-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 PMC10009541 Cortisol and a myriad of synthetic orthologs exert a number of immunosuppressive effects that may predispose individuals to TB, such as:(i)inhibiting lymphocyte activation and immunoglobulin production;(ii)inducing lymphocyte apoptosis;(iii)inhibiting vascular permeability critical to the inflammatory cellular response against TB; and(iv)inhibiting the synthesis of host-protective mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor, chemokines, and nitric oxide[32]. 1 PF:PF02189 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily df010884-bbd6-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.041 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in the ITAM following receptor ligand binding initiates downstream signaling and lymphocyte activation. 1 PF:PF02189 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily bf810d58-bc33-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4239057 The intracellular domain of OCILRP2 lacks the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) that triggers lymphocyte activation, suggesting that OCILRP2 may transmit co-stimulatory signal via adaptors, such as DAP12[4],[5], which interacts with NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) in activated NK cells and CD8+T cells[6]. 1 GO:0097421 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 9ac5c8ca-351a-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 28639129 05 The Administration ofl-Kynurenine Impaired Liver Regeneration IDO1 catabolizesl-tryptophan tol-kynurenine, which suppresses lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:Q9BXN2 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 028a554a-bbdb-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4379960 Accordingly, the absence of Dectin-1 expression induces decreased lymphocyte activation and proliferation in addition to impaired Th17 and Tc17 immune responses. 1 UNIPROT:Q9BXN2 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 028a554a-bbdb-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4379960 Dectin-1 expression by DCs induced increased lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and development of IL-17-producing T cells. 1 UNIPROT:Q03104 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 820da772-ae96-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8533241 MSC1 display the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile and stimulate lymphocyte activation in co-culture. 1 MESH:D004298 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5f5b0e62-bc22-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3671506 Norepinephrine and dopamine increased lymphocyte activation accompanied by augmented Th1 and Th2 type cytokine production [35]. 1 CHEBI:6498 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical ac69aa26-bbf8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2211821 Lipoxin A4(LXA4; 5S,6R,15S-trihydroxy-7,9,13-trans-11-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) inhibits PMN adherence, migration, degranulation, and superoxide anion generation, as well as eosinophil migration and lymphocyte activation (4–6), and has potent actions on cytokine formation and release (7). 1 FPLX:Chemokine activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily de44d640-c8de-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 16394109 "In addition, chemokine-triggered lymphocyte activation induces an extended state that primes LFA-1 for ligand binding and firm adhesion (72,73)." 1 FPLX:Interferon activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily d7e8f52e-c817-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114871 CD8 + lymphocyte activation as determined by TNFα (Supplemental Fig. 1A) or IFNγ (Supplemental Fig. 1B) expression was increased in the presence of PF-treated Tregs when compared to controls. 1 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f5d9841c-ae93-11ec-b4ed-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8360623 However, few studies have reported the effects of DMDs in NMOSD.In this study, we found that in vivo blockade of the IL-6 receptor decreased lymphocyte activation, altered B- and T-cell homoeostasis in patients with NMOSD, and promoted the normalization of abnormal B- and T-cell subsets observed at baseline. 1 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9f025d7c-3515-11e8-8f56-001a4a160175 22871385 In acute inflammation, IL-6 enhances the production of acute phase proteins and induces lymphocyte activation in chronic inflammation. 1 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 89f81cfe-3515-11e9-8aa6-001a4a160176 PMC6067066 IL-1β and IL-6 induces an acute immune response and lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5cf8aeda-bc32-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3859644 IL-6 induces leukocyte chemoattraction to the endothelium, as well as lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P05231 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1441cd2e-bc1f-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3347828 "At the onset of inflammation there is an up-regulation of the pro inflammatory cytokines.2 Proinflammatory cytokines (signaling proteins of immune cells), such as TNFα and IL-6, have a pivotal role in coordinating the body's response to inflammation.3 TNFα effectively induces a local inflammatory response and helps to control infections.1 IL-6 causes lymphocyte activation and antibody production." 1 CHEBI:29108 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 6c682272-bc52-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.04.011 In the present study, the in vitro treatment of mouse lymphocytes with an intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM was found to decrease the Con-A-induced lymphocyte activation very significantly (p=0.001) in BALB/c mice and (p<0.01) in C3H mice. 1 CHEBI:29108 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 8e2a90f8-bc4c-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC4381730 Using selective channel inhibitors, patch-clamp studies revealed that the channels generate the K+-diffusion potential across the plasma membranes and play crucial roles in facilitating calcium influx necessary to trigger the lymphocyte activation and proliferation [3–6]. 1 CHEBI:29108 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 3da0b110-c39b-11e6-9a62-001a4ae51246 PMC5129211 Patch-clamp studies revealed that the channels play crucial roles in facilitating the calcium influx necessary to trigger the lymphocyte activation and proliferation [11,12]. 1 FPLX:ERK activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 1e403162-ae94-11ec-ae7b-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8669517 MAPK/ERK also mediates lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and Gα13 signaling can inhibit ERK (Voyno-Yasenetskaya et al., 1996). 1 FPLX:PKC activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 150e2b34-bc2a-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4002822 Pharmacologic activators of PKC, such as PDB, which enters the cells and directly activates PKC, and calcium ionophores, such as ionomycin, which raises the cytosolic free calcium ion concentration, can act together to stimulate lymphocyte activation, interleukin-2 synthesis and lymphocyte proliferation. 1 CHEBI:8116 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 177c5884-bbe7-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4358224 Mimicking Ca2+and DAG activation with the addition of calcium ionophores and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is sufficient to induce many aspects of lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and effector responsesin vitro. 1 CHEBI:8116 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 0cbc9fd2-bc30-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2647172 Upregulation of CD98 expression also occurs during lymphocyte activation induced by mitogens, superantigens, conventional antigens and a combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (14). 1 FPLX:RAS activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 95d666d0-bc54-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00385-X Inhibition of Ras to limit lymphocyte activation and proliferation with FTS may provide a potentially new therapeutic approach in MS and other autoimmune diseases. 1 FPLX:TGFB inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily cacb8508-c9fd-11e5-9b70-001a4ae51247 15161006 TGF-beta inhibited the IL-2-induced lymphocyte activation of proliferative responses, cytotoxic activities and CD25+ cell population, the inhibitions of which were abrogated with PS-K. 1 GO:0007155 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype eda13ee0-f581-11eb-9204-001a4a160176 33106929 Cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1/ICAM-1) LFA-1 and ICAM-1 are important cell adhesion molecules that provide co-stimulatory signals to promote lymphocyte activation, proliferation and differentiation, and mediate inflammation. 1 UNIPROT:P14210 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9023dfca-cbd6-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.030 In addition to inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation, SF treatment also prevented mitogen induced up-regulation of T-cell (CD25 and CD69) and B-cell (CD80 and CD86) activation markers and secretion of effector cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ), indicating that SF targets early as well as late events in lymphocyte activation (Fig. 2). 1 UNIPROT:P48023 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 84675ac4-c480-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 20971954 In summary, ourFasLΔIntramouse model data confirms an inhibitory function for FasL reverse signaling in lymphocyte activation, which may prevent hyperactivation of lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation. 1 GO:0046651 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 52d7886e-bc54-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.cca.2011.11.006 The effect of immunosuppressants on lymphocyte proliferation and activationex vivo In the preceding paragraph, we described that immunosuppressants, alone or in combination, inhibit lymphocyte activation and proliferationin vitro. 1 GO:0046651 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 7f6c68b0-bbda-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/S1567-5769(00)00002-3 Guse et al.[16]showed recently that cADPR, an agonist for RyR-3, is involved in lymphocyte proliferation while 8-x-cADPR, an cADPR antagonist, blocks lymphocyte activation/proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:P25054 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 97403376-5c2f-11e7-af4d-001a4ae51247 PMC5332920 Taken together, APC function, particularly in DC subsets, is abnormal and may significantly contribute to lymphocyte activation and the autoimmune pathology in ITP. 1 UNIPROT:P25054 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5732eb66-bc44-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3543608 HLA binding antigens can be generated by the exogenous pathogen pathway, which is operated by specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) to initiate and promote the development of lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D007166 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 8a9dc4f6-3548-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 18554762 MMF is a novel immunosuppressive agent that decreases lymphocyte activation by inhibiting the inducible isoform of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase.8It exerts other actions, including prevention of leukocyte adherence, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosophate (NADPH) endothelial oxidase activity and reactive oxygen molecule production.9,10It is widely used as adjunctive therapy to prevent allograft rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. 1 MESH:D002614 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6c682272-bc52-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.04.011 In the present study, the in vitro treatment of mouse lymphocytes with an intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM was found to decrease the Con-A-induced lymphocyte activation very significantly (p=0.001) in BALB/c mice and (p<0.01) in C3H mice. 1 MESH:D065095 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 11c2deb4-ab5f-11e6-9ac8-001a4ae51246 PMC4971048 Tacrolimus Tacrolimus (TCM) like CSA is a calcineurin inhibitor effectively inhibiting antigen-specific lymphocyte activation, differentiation and exertion of effector functions in lymphocytes. 1 UNIPROT:Q13326 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 19f97fc2-bc48-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.09.010 According to our results, inhibition of IL-2 could be one target to inhibit IFNγ and NO production induced by MAM to prevent tissue damage caused by macrophages and also to prevent lymphocyte activation, decreasing the toxic effects of this superantigen and its capacity to trigger autoimmunity. 1 UNIPROT:Q9BQ51 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 77a3a7b8-bbd7-11e5-956b-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.exer.2009.04.004 The binding of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to PD-1 inhibits lymphocyte activation. 1 FPLX:ABL:family activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily f47a382c-bc01-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.048 ABL also appeared to induce the up-regulation of IL-1β and TNF-α in splenocytes and macrophages and triggered the early lymphocyte activation cascades, resulting in a decline of p56lckand rapid expression of CD69 and CD25 (Ho et al., 2004; Ooi, Liu, Ooi, Ng, & Fung, 2002). 1 PF:PF00775 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 91479f28-bc34-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3923728 Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme expressed by both the maternal decidua and fetal trophoblast and catabolites of the tryptophan metabolism such as kynurenine and picolinic acid can inhibit lymphocyte activation and have been shown to contribute to the Th2 bias and to tolerance induction and maintenance in pregnancy[7]. 1 CHEBI:140488 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical ef9343ac-9f7c-11e7-9a4f-001a4a160175 PMC5608357 LAG3 RNA aptamer enhance CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte activation in vitro LAG3 has been underscored as an important immune-checkpoint receptor that quenches T-cell activation. 1 UNIPROT:Q7LDG7 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein afed382c-bbd8-11e5-956b-001a4ae51247 PMC1261263 Suppression of RASGRP2 may be attenuating the RAS signalling pathway and hence lymphocyte activation (i.e. promoting homeostasis) by directly decreasing the activity of RAS or by activating RAP1 which in turn inhibits RAS. 1 UNIPROT:Q96E93 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 6704f7ac-2dac-11eb-a72d-001a4a160175 PMC7449781 KLRG1 may also modulate lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and responsiveness. 1 CHEBI:71500 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 4958342e-5cbb-11e7-9fde-001a4ae51247 26460927 Necrostatin alone was less efficient at inhibiting monocyte cell death (data not shown) and lymphocyte activation induced by c-di-AMP. 1 UNIPROT:P11464 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein dd541a14-cce2-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.015 Our result showed that PKC activities were dramatically increased by PSG-1 treatment, indicating that Ca2+/PKC signaling pathway may be involved in PSG-1 mediated lymphocyte activation in Cy-induced immunosuppression. 1 MESH:D002990 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0ef4412d-6ff5-11e9-9f5a-001a4a160176 PMC6300168 Conclusion:Topical tacrolimus and clobetasol ointments are useful adjuvant methods to control acute hand allotransplant rejection and modulate lymphocyte activation, especially in T cells. 1 MESH:D008070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype db65a364-bc22-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.029 This heterogeneous environment permits lateral compartmentalization of membrane proteins[6]and changes in co-localization of proteins and complexes, as seen in LPS-mediated lymphocyte activation[7]. 1 MESH:D008070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 8bff1474-ea1b-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.09.002 The above results suggest that 5 μg/mL LPS can effectively stimulate lymphocyte activation. 1 GO:0030154 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype eda72a30-d4e4-11e6-97d0-001a4ae51246 PMC5336159 "In the bone marrow (BM), high levels of ABA were detected in mesenchymal stem cells, which play an essential role in the BM microenvironment by providing hematopoietic progenitors with soluble factors essential to their proliferation and differentiation and to prevent detrimental lymphocyte activation (7)." 1 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 25a6efbc-ca5d-11e5-a3f7-001a4ae51246 12934009 For efficient lymphocyte activation and proliferation, secretion of IL-2 and surface localization of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor are necessary.Hpm1-VacA–producing strains [P12, P12ΔPAI, 26695; American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 43526] or purified VacA (fig. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9027ca96-8a7b-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s12519-022-00530-8 It functions like an IL-2 receptor antagonist, highly specifically binding to the a-subunit or TAC subunit of the IL-2 receptor complex (expressed on the surface of activated T cells), thereby inhibiting IL-2 mediated lymphocyte activation [131]. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0e93d52e-ef3d-11e5-9b35-001a4ae51246 22420711 Two monoclonal antibodies targeting IL2Rα and thus inhibiting IL-2 mediated lymphocyte activation/proliferation are used for induction immunosuppression: basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis) is a recombinant chimeric mouse/human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and daclizumab (Zenapax, Hoffmann-La Roche) a humanized monoclonal antibody. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 991deda0-c78f-11ee-9aaa-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110797 The IL-2 family and receptors are essential for normal immune cell development and mediate lymphocyte activation and expansion during immune responses. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e6492646-cb32-11ea-9c29-001a4a160175 PMC7102491 Radioabeled IL-2 allows visualization of both lymphocytic infiltration and T cell lymphocyte activation and has been used in several inflammatory diseases characterized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration, such as Takayasu’s arteritis, diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, autoimmune thyroid diseases and atherosclerosis [31]. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein cd337142-c472-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 19845597 Basiliximab and daclizumab, the two IL2-RAs that are currently available in many parts of the world, bind the CD25 antigen (interleukin-2 [IL2] receptor α-chain) at the surface of activated T-lymphocytes and thereby competitively inhibit IL2-mediated lymphocyte activation, a crucial phase in cellular immune response of allograft rejection. 1 UNIPROT:P60568 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c4e5fdae-c750-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156334 The deprivation of IL-2 by Treg cells and tumor cells in TME prevents cytotoxic lymphocyte activation generating a tolerant environment that contributes to tumor development with the additional fact that that at low doses CC cells are further induced to proliferate (Fig. 3). 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 3ed453a2-f58a-11eb-948d-001a4a160176 30576863 Therefore, it is suggested that prevention of infection may reduce the risk of capsular contracture and consequently reduce the risk of lymphocyte activation and possible conversion to ALCL[138]. 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 8d694dee-ca02-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 16352629 "Models for characterizing co-infection (5) tend to emphasize a role for gonococcal infection-induced lymphocyte activation and redistribution that presumably influence viral load through an increase in local inflammation and target cell recruitment (5–7)." 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 182cb35a-bc37-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC3151275 In the present study we used the overall level of infection driven lymphocyte activation by stimulating PBMCs with a polyclonal activator (PMA and ionomycin) known to expand preferentially activated T cells in a TCR-independent manner[33],[34]. 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1a7b8b94-7f6f-11ea-817e-001a4a160175 PMC7155579 Thus, in systemic infections causing lymphocyte activation, CNS traYc of T cells is increased. 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype fc944dfa-bbe2-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3359786 Although lymphocytes are not thought to be significant targets of HSV infection, since these natural HVEM ligands can either enhance or inhibit lymphocyte activation, it has been suggested that the gD-HVEM interaction could influence lymphocyte-mediated immunity to HSV. 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype f2b32744-bbfa-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.coi.2012.01.002 Similarly, infection with the gram negativeNeisseria meningitidescauses increased lethality, proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation [17•]. 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5f83559e-bc44-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3873502 Rather, control of infection is favored by PMN depletion during late stages of infection, which enhances lymphocyte activation and proinflammatory cytokine production ((Barquero-Calvo et al.,2007,2013). 1 MESH:D007239 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype d0929fda-cbde-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.jpra.2015.07.004 Therefore, it is suggested that prevention of infection may reduce the risk of capsular contracture and consequently reduce the risk of lymphocyte activation and possible conversion to BIA-ALCL.8 Despite increased vigilance for BIA-ALCL in recent years, important clinical issues associated with the diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity remain unaddressed.9No publication has addressed whether reinsertion of the implant is safe or how the contralateral breast should be managed, because in most cases unilateral disease has been reported. 1 MESH:D051379 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype edc09e3c-c466-11e5-9da3-001a4ae51247 24064706 Christensenet al.[35] demonstrated thatTLR7-deficient lupus-prone mice had milder disease, decreased lymphocyte activation and decreased serum IgG. 1 UNIPROT:P01375 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f31e0554-c8e9-11e5-9624-001a4ae51246 PMC3345265 TNF-α also promotes apoptosis, lymphocyte activation, and hyperproliferative skin disorders (Kinkhabwalaet al., 1990;Ashkenazi and Dixit, 1998;Bannoet al., 2004;van Hogerlindenet al., 2004). 1 UNIPROT:P01375 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein c89d5906-7e9e-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 PMC10014694 By inhibiting the lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), and the T cell immune receptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), the T cell antitumor response is improved, which leads to increased T cell effector and NK cell proliferation, resulting in a more efficient elimination of dormant tumor cells [2]. 1 UNIPROT:P01375 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 4754af3c-f587-11eb-93b6-001a4a160176 30236470 Abbreviations: CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; GITR, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene; GITR-L, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene ligand; ICOS, inducible T cell costimulator; ICOS-L, inducible T cell costimulator ligand; IDO1, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1; LAG-3, lymphocyte activation gene 3; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PD-1, programmed cell death receptor 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; SIRPα, signal-regulatory protein α; TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3. 1 UNIPROT:P01579 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bcbfca14-cb29-11e5-a6cd-001a4ae51247 PMC127737 "Taken together, these suggest that production of IFN-γ early by WC1+cells, possibly as part of the innate immune response, promotes lymphocyte activation and influences the cytokine bias by contributing to proinflammatory cytokine production." 1 GO:0006915 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6242848c-bbde-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3870890 pMSC does not induce human T cell apoptosis MSC are known to prevent lymphocyte activation and proliferation through induction of apoptosis. 1 GO:0008219 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 909f9a3a-dc48-11ea-a2c6-001a4a160175 30712941 Pregnancy is also associated with increased expression of proteins known to inhibit immune activation, including programed cell death ligand-1 (CD274), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (CD223), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CD152). 1 MESH:D003643 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype a1e8912c-c8df-11e5-a1fd-001a4ae51246 16761309 While absence or loss of stimuli leads to death or functional inactivation of lymphocytes, lymphocyte activation itself triggers regulatory systems whose primary function is to control proliferation, survival and differentiation. 1 CHEBI:18248 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical e112f084-c9fe-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 14734613 "We have recently reported (25) that ferrocene, a synthetic iron‐containing compound, induces lymphocyte activation and antitumor activity by redox‐sensitive signaling." 1 GO:0001816 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1221945e-0cb8-11f0-85c3-0050569a1f61 10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00188-0 Cytokine production CsA and FK-506 inhibit early stages of lymphocyte activation, including the production of IL-2. 1 GO:0006954 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 19899db8-c6e1-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.035 Inflammation can trigger lymphocyte activation and proliferation, which can lead to an increase in lymphocyte count [17]. 1 MESH:D003094 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 3166e1b8-dc9c-11ea-a518-001a4a160175 PMC6177325 Another example is the ability of type IV collagen and laminin to cause lymphocyte activation in Scleroderma patients [16]. 1 MESH:D015496 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5038b2cc-394d-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 19766059 It can be speculated that decreased CD4+CD25brightT cells in miscarriage might induce maternal lymphocyte activation to the fetal allograft, and lead to maternal immune rejection against the fetus. 1 CHEBI:49470 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 5a66e63a-3748-11e8-9192-001a4a160175 26948677 Of note, aluminum adjuvants strongly potentiate humoral (i.e. antibody) responses (B lymphocyte priming and Th2 CD4+ lymphocyte activation) but not, or very little, cell-mediated responses (Th1 CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes). 1 UNIPROT:Q9Y6X0 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5cfe2194-c8f9-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114250 "SEB induces MAIT cells to produce a rapid ""cytokine storm"" and can upregulate lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin, mucin-3 (TIM-3), and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)." 1 PF:PF00509 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 4174763e-7535-11ee-add2-0050569a791b 10.1007/s11262-023-02007-w Hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) glycoproteins constitute the viral envelope and are essential for cellular infection by binding to signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and CD46 cellular receptors [22]. 1 UNIPROT:P16070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein ac378afa-cdeb-11e5-85cd-001a4ae51247 PMC236583 Anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies, previously reported to induce CD44-mediated modulation of lymphocyte activation and adhesion, compete with 125I-AF3 in binding assays, demonstrating functional overlap among the epitopes. 1 UNIPROT:P16070 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2e5ddb86-3386-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 26987843 CD44 induces lymphocyte activation and tissue remodeling[33]. 1 IP:IPR007702 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 1fb6a0cc-ea6e-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106359 Janus kinase (JAK) can initiate lymphocyte activation, function and proliferation via tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptors and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling[38]. 1 FPLX:TLR inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily c4b7be46-ad1b-11e6-b1aa-001a4ae51246 PMC4934151 IL-10 siRNA targeting in macrophages reversed the suppression of lymphocyte activation induced by TLR-stimulated macrophage supernatants To directly and selectively target IL-10 production, we investigated the use of IL-10 siRNA to suppress macrophage IL-10 production. 1 FPLX:TLR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 1ccadef4-bc42-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.001 TLR-mediated control of lymphocyte activation While the importance of TLRs in the DC's ability to initiate adaptive immune responses is well understood, much less is known with respect to the importance of direct recognition of pathogens by non-phagocytic lymphocytes. 1 FPLX:TLR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 8b6e8f8e-bc08-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4045776 TLR-4 is known activator of inflammatory cascade that involves NLRP3, and is responsible for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while PTPN12 negatively regulates TLR-triggered innate response and lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:Q6UXD5 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein abb50762-bbe7-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3253283 Effects of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with PSK on 10-year OS in gastric cancer (b) and colorectal cancer (c) patients with low or high PSK-induced lymphocyte activation level. 1 GO:1903409 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 37b168f0-bc47-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2922639 Based on our findings, it is possible that chronic mitochondrial ROS generation serves to limit lymphocyte activation through a gradual reduction in mitochondrial energy production, thus acting as a stop signal that limits the immune response. 1 CHEBI:78509 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 7ca5125a-37fc-11e6-aaca-001a4ae51246 25883228 Sotrastaurin is a drug that is currently being used to inhibit graft rejection in renal transplantation and to treat certain inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.8,9Therefore, these results are of great interest because they suggest that the combination of MPA and sotrastaurin could be used in the future as a highly potent regimen to modulate lymphocyte activation (see figure) in the context of transplantation or to treat certain autoimmune diseases. 1 UNIPROT:Q15116 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 5a4608ca-ca03-11e5-b88f-001a4ae51247 PMC1265804 "Despite the shared ability to block T-cell activation, the cytoplasmic domain of PD-1 shows significant differences from CTLA-4 by encoding both an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM), of which the ITSM appears to be the most important for mediating PD-1 suppression of lymphocyte activation (16,47)." 1 UNIPROT:Q15116 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0c6df9d4-5c1d-11e7-bcb7-001a4ae51246 PMC5394617 PD-1 is expressed on a fraction of T cells and the binding of PD-1 to its ligand PD-L1/CD274/B7-H1 blocks lymphocyte activation [23], induces apoptosis [24] and has been shown to be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance [25]. 1 UNIPROT:Q15116 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9f0aef56-bbfe-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2645903 As an immunoinhibitory receptor, PD-1 has been shown to inhibit lymphocyte activation and cytokine production after interacting with its ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) [10-12]. 1 UNIPROT:Q15116 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 332a1dfe-c467-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 24300852 Finally, we found that AMG 330 induced the up-regulation of T cell activation markers Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim3), and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on day 3, which was partially reversible on day 9 of co-culture (Figure 5F). 1 UNIPROT:P05919 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein a398a04e-bc0e-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC4379576 Vpu also downregulates signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 6 (SLAMF6; also called NTB-A), a transmembrane protein potently inducing natural killer cell-mediated killing [24] and CD1d molecule [23] from the cell surface of infected cells (Figure 1). 1 UNIPROT:P05919 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f8df206c-c480-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 PMC3347374 "In addition, a recent report demonstrated that signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 6 (SLAMF6; also called NTB-A), a transmembrane protein that induces natural killer cell-mediated killing, can be downregulated from the plasma membrane by Vpu (64)." 1 MESH:D005033 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5f13b4ec-3553-11e9-a756-001a4a160176 PMC5750123 Considering the apparent selectivity of sesquiterpene lactones towards inhibition of Ca2+flux in Jurkat T cells, we evaluated if N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a highly reactive but nonspecific cysteine alkylating reagent, would also inhibit lymphocyte activation similarly to the sesquiterpene lactones. 1 MESH:D000077404 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype ca3c1c36-c478-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC3188758 Its replicative unit is that of the vaccine strain MV, and the CDV envelope, derived from a nonpathogenic CDV vaccine strain, is unlikely to increase pathogenicity because it has lost signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-dependent targeting to immune cells, analogous to the MV vaccine strain. 1 UNIPROT:P22413 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein bbfb6c02-f3b0-11e8-9b5e-001a4a160176 PMC6258234 Thus PC1 alone also reactivates latent HIV in primary CD4+ T cells, without global lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:Q8IU29 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 71a80250-9171-11ee-ae93-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11033-021-06937-2 OG modulates lymphocyte activation and does not affect cell viability. 1 UNIPROT:Q9H7M9 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 90535fe0-c756-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.adcanc.2023.100107 Particularly, VISTA blockade enhanced tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte activation and promoted tumor-specific T-cell responses even in the presence of high PD-L1 expression [148]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9H7M9 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 53ab63da-c8e6-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100134 Apart from few countable FDA approved drugs based on immune check point inhibition (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition) for various cancers, several other new targets are also emerging for drug development and are under the clinical trials phase such as, “inhibitors of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA)” [24,65]. 1 UNIPROT:Q8N138 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e064210e-c485-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 23100328 "Our results show that ORMDL3 modulates SOCE and lymphocyte activation, an effect that may sum to the previously described effect on ER Ca2+imbalance and stress (29)." 1 MESH:D000086402 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype dae23eb0-828b-11ee-9572-0050569a1f61 PMC9436159 SARS-CoV-2 induces lymphopenia, dysfunction, lymphocyte activation, higher cytokine levels, as well as monocyte and granulocyte abnormalities, increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total antibodies. 1 CHEBI:18420 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 7d0d7590-bc1c-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3159560 Our findings shed new light on older observations that extracellular magnesium promotes lymphocyte activation synergistically with calcium by T cell but not B cell mitogens and that mice fed Mg2+deficient diets have lower calcineurin activity in their splenocytes11-13,41,42. 1 UNIPROT:Q969P0 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 23004b6e-c8e6-11e5-9ad8-001a4ae51247 17727684 (33)EWI-2 also modulates lymphocyte activation mediated by integrins(34)and growth factor receptors with tyrosine-kinase activity, such as c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF-R), which interacts with CD82. 1 FPLX:Tubulin inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily f83c9316-5c27-11e7-86a3-001a4ae51246 PMC5943651 Acetylated α-tubulin is present at the junction between a T-cell and an antigen presenting cell, and the deacetylation of tubulin may attenuate the lymphocyte activation signaling cascade [19]. 1 GO:0007165 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bd23c2fa-c483-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 PMC3479572 "The signaling pathway mediated by signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is the only known pathway required for T-CD4, but not E-CD4 T-cell development (23)." 1 GO:0007165 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 21ff899e-bc2c-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.021 Given the observations in mammalian and trout CD28 and the fact that CsCD28 possesses in the cytoplasmic region the YINT motif that is known to interact with Grb2 in mammals, it is possible that ligation of CsCD28 induces, through the cytoplasmic tail, certain signal transduction processes that promote lymphocyte activation. 1 MESH:D016572 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 26663ef0-bbd3-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3407359 In another study, an association between lymphocyte P-gp activity and intracellular ciclosporin concentrations was observed, although there was no correlation with the ABCB1 genotype [66], supporting studies in which inhibition of lymphocyte activation by ciclosporin correlated inversely with the level of P-gp expression [74]. 1 MESH:D016572 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 5610587c-c799-11ee-ae05-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114893 Cyclosporine blocks lymphocyte activation and has a major inhibitory effect on cytokines that cause changes in the function of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, may be helpful in patients with severe ulcerative colitis requiring colectomy who have failed to respond to corticosteroid and biologic therapy[72,73]. 1 MESH:D016572 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 8be5bb10-c480-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 PMC3019780 "A recent study reported that cyclosporine inhibits lymphocyte activation and expression of cytokine mRNA in dogs (11)." 1 CHEBI:42191 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 886c555a-bc30-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3672497 This was confirmed by the EDTA experiments that abolished cell capture and completely reversed the inhibition of lymphocyte activation. 1 FPLX:ELA activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily e29372bc-ae95-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8588742 Mismatched ELA haplotype donor MSCs have been shown to induce greater lymphocyte activation in vitro as compared to matched donor MSCs [57]. 1 MESH:D018805 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 88ce5ba0-ca00-11e5-ab20-001a4ae51246 15284218 "Indeed, much of the cumulative data regarding sepsis may be reconciled in a model whereby the initial sepsis event (e.g., bacteremia) promotes lymphocyte activation and production of Th1 cytokines (72)⇓, including IL-2 and IFNγ, which are beneficial to the host (73⇓, 74)⇓. Subsequently, enhanced lymphocyte activation and proliferation leads to enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis, immunosuppression, anergy, loss of Th1 cytokine production, and a shift toward a Th2 profile." 1 UNIPROT:P14174 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 95f10792-cc03-11e5-a19a-001a4ae51247 PMC21651 MIF Is a Mediator of Lymphocyte Activation induced by TSST-1. 1 MESH:D011374 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 2cb7f3d4-bbd8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jri.2012.04.004 The expression ofPAQR7,PAQR8andPAQR5mRNA on lymphocytes in the absence ofPGR, the ability of progesterone–BSA to mimic progesterone effects, and the presence of specific, membrane-associated binding sites for progesterone, provide evidence that progesterone modulation of bovine lymphocyte activation and proliferation is mediated by mPRs. 1 MESH:D011374 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 2cb7f3d4-bbd8-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.jri.2012.04.004 The progesterone–BSA conjugate was as effective as progesterone at suppression ofIL2RAmRNA induction, providing support for the argument that the action of progesterone to suppress lymphocyte activation might involve binding to membrane receptors. 1 GO:0046649 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0e93d52e-ef3d-11e5-9b35-001a4ae51246 22420711 Two monoclonal antibodies targeting IL2Rα and thus inhibiting IL-2 mediated lymphocyte activation/proliferation are used for induction immunosuppression: basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis) is a recombinant chimeric mouse/human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and daclizumab (Zenapax, Hoffmann-La Roche) a humanized monoclonal antibody. 1 UNIPROT:P40933 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 268a6f46-c47a-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 PMC3069676 Induction of CD25 expression is a characteristic feature of HTLV-I–infected lymphocytes,28and is known to be mediated in an NF-κB–dependent manner by the HTLV-I–transactivating protein Tax.15CD69 is an early lymphocyte activation marker whose expression can be induced by IL-15,29a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is induced by HTLV-I infection in an NF-κB–dependent manner.14Consistent with their NF-κB dependence, the induction of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 was significantly reduced by the use of NF-κB inhibitors in HAM/TSP. 1 UNIPROT:P40933 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 86bf020e-bc38-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3387179 However, IL-15 mediates weight loss independent of lymphocyte activation and signaling through the common γ-chain. 1 GO:0043161 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bc3693b6-bc01-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4189678 Inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway Blocking the MHC class I antigen processing, presentation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction system can inhibit the proliferation of lymphocyte activation and induce ITP T cell tolerance. 1 UNIPROT:P09326 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein b5419052-c8df-11e5-9624-001a4ae51246 16803907 CD48 is necessary for both cognate recognition,i.e.by T cells (in rats and mice), and non-antigen-specific lymphocyte activation,i.e.by NK cells (in all species studied). 1 UNIPROT:O60880 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 09666f12-ca5d-11e5-8050-001a4ae51246 12731038 SAP [signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein] or SH2D1A is a small cytosolic adaptor-like molecule1,2. 1 UNIPROT:P18627 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 680e8fd2-c7dd-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166746 Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) inhibitors Activation of T-cell, their multiplication, and cytokine secretion have all been shown to be negatively regulated by LAG3 signaling[162]. 1 UNIPROT:P18627 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 632a7acc-ae93-11ec-8b2e-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8594685 LAG-3 modulates TCR signalling to prevent excessive lymphocyte activation, and upon antigen stimulation it is expressed on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells [175,176], as well as on a subset of NK cells [177] and on activated Tregs [178]. 1 UNIPROT:P0C9V6 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 29977250-ae94-11ec-8f68-0050569a1f61 PMCPMC8450572 In addition, CD2v inhibits lymphocyte activation in vitro (14). 1 CHEBI:30089 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 0cbc9fd2-bc30-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2647172 Upregulation of CD98 expression also occurs during lymphocyte activation induced by mitogens, superantigens, conventional antigens and a combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (14). 1 CHEBI:30089 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 177c5884-bbe7-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4358224 Mimicking Ca2+and DAG activation with the addition of calcium ionophores and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is sufficient to induce many aspects of lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and effector responsesin vitro. 1 GO:0016049 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype df4f16a0-c482-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 22497681 Discussion Over the past ten years, accumulating reports have demonstrated the multiple functions of CD98hc-lc molecules, including amino-acid transport,[4, 5, 8-13]regulation of integrin affinity[20]and virus-induced cell fusion,[18, 19]as well as the possible correlation of this molecule with lymphocyte activation[1-3, 21, 23-25]and cell growth. 1 GO:0042116 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 4d70caca-bbdc-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3132335 Corticosteroids block the macrophage activation and cyclosporine inhibits the lymphocyte activation cascade by acting mainly on CD4 T-helper cells and inhibits the production of cytokines and interferon-α. 1 FPLX:JAK activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 1fb6a0cc-ea6e-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106359 Janus kinase (JAK) can initiate lymphocyte activation, function and proliferation via tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptors and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling[38]. 1 FPLX:JAK activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 7593c9f8-34f1-11e9-a756-001a4a160176 PMC6211579 A post hoc analysis of a 6-month clinical trial with losmapimod (GW856553) in COPD, but not in asthma, reported a reduction in exacerbations in a subgroup of patients with a blood eosinophil count ≤2%, which may suggest a preferentially beneficial effect of p38MAPK inhibitors in non-eosinophilic inflammation.102,103 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) and Janus-activated kinases (JAK) modulate lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P23458 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 248d7bf8-c46a-11e5-91a7-001a4ae51247 24479980 Tofacitinib (CP-690,550; Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) is a selective oral inhibitor of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of enzymes including JAK1 and JAK3, which mediate signal-transduction activity for multiple cytokines, many of them integral to lymphocyte activation, function and proliferation. 1 FPLX:HLA:DR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily f82f8412-bc34-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC2217592 The second novel aspect of our work relates to the finding that the HLA-DR protein, beyond its well-known role in initiating lymphocyte activation by presenting peptides to the TCR (Figure 4F, left panel) is also able to induce negative signals via binding of its non-polymorphic alpha 2 domain to TIRC7 (Figure 4F, left panel). 1 MESH:D017239 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype bf83e862-d7cc-11ee-8b99-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.070 Question one, the authors indicate that paclitaxel has been shown to inhibit neutrophil and lymphocyte activation, yet they claim there was no dose effect on perigraft inflammation. 1 MESH:D000485 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 3f4fb6de-c8e0-11e5-9cb8-001a4ae51247 PMC2117164 "The role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of asthma is unclear, but may be relevant to the heterogeneous inflammatory response that occurs in asthma.1–5Acquired immune responses in asthma are well characterised and involve allergen-induced T helper type 2 lymphocyte activation and consequent eosinophilic airway inflammation." 1 GO:0038023 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0aaba71e-7f70-11ea-bf15-001a4a160176 PMC2903949 Furthermore, Nef inhibits T cell receptor induced lymphocyte activation [26]. 1 GO:0038023 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 1a95d4e8-cc75-11e5-888a-001a4ae51246 9501066 Fyn is a Src family tyrosine kinase that is important in lymphocyte activation mediated by the T-cell receptor[3,21]. 1 GO:0038023 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype d617a0aa-c8ea-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106687 muciniphilaadministration mainly enriched in pathways related to B cell receptor signaling, phagocytosis and regulation of leukocyte or lymphocyte activation (Fig. S2E). 1 MESH:D008911 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 0650e750-bc37-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 PMC3071838 Recent studies by Szeto et al.[42]indicate that by suppressing lymphocyte activation, minocycline treatment reduces HIV replication in CD4+ T lymphocytes. 1 UNIPROT:P29972 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 360756e2-bc54-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.07.002 Even so, soluble Mo was recently reported to induce monocyte up-regulation of T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in human monocytes/macrophages, while Mo ions and Co–Cr–Mo alloy particles induced metal and individual-specific proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte activation[11]. 1 UNIPROT:Q99623 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9b697f92-bc40-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.035 The lymphocyte activation marker, CD69, the marker for NK cell degranulation, CD107, and the activation receptor, NKG2D, all were significantly increased on NK cells by rEA treatment of human PBMC cultures. 1 FPLX:MYH activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 66652b42-bc00-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.068 MHC II antigen-induced lymphocyte activation is one of the important factors leading to rejection after transplantation[25]. 1 UNIPROT:Q99731 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2c017fe6-c470-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC2713469 First, in vitro assays showed that CCL19 and CCL21 indirectly contribute to lymphocyte activation by allowing efficient screening of rare Ag-bearing DCs.11,12DC-bound CCL21 was also found to sensitize CD4+T cells to pMHC complexes on neighboring DCs, correlating with efficient DC scanning of the leading edge of polarized T cells.17These observations support a role for CCR7 ligands in promoting efficient encounters with other cell types present in lymph nodes, such as DCs or B cells, through increased motility and scanning. 1 CHEBI:39867 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 4db40346-359e-11e9-ab56-001a4a160175 PMC6171586 At low doses, less than 1.1 mM, VPA promotes early lymphocyte activation and reduces apoptosis, but, at high doses, it attenuates activation and enhances apoptosis [47]. 1 CHEBI:87631 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 18692f0e-3388-11e8-87fd-001a4a160176 27085241 This is not completely surprising, as statin’s immunological mechanism of action is more directed in preventing interferon-γ signaling and lymphocyte activation, which are important target in acute alopecia areata. 1 GO:0002260 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 7da5fbb4-bc4c-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC3880748 Thus, TL1A-DR3 signaling may be involved in lymphocyte homeostasis by modulating either cell death or lymphocyte activation. 1 UNIPROT:P51159 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 502a2c9e-c482-11e5-a92e-001a4ae51246 23160464 These data suggest that Rab27a and Stx11 may differently contribute to lymphocyte activation by controlling antigen presentation, thus adding an additional level of complexity in the mechanisms adjusting HLH severity. 1 UNIPROT:Q9P1Z2 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 1acf600a-bbd1-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC3671179 COCOA DIET AND MESENTERIC LYMPH NODE LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION Rat interventional nutrition with a cocoa diet modulates MLN lymphocyte activation in certain conditions. 1 UNIPROT:P46060 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 383b915c-bd7e-11e8-9b5b-001a4a160175 PMC6147403 The results from the controlled SD experiments demonstrated that SD may increase lymphocyte activation and induce production of proinflammatory cytokines [17]. 1 UNIPROT:Q16875 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 080f1c00-d11f-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1007/s11010-018-3325-9 Fig. 4PI3K and Akt inhibition prevents PHA-induced PFKFB3 and glycolysis induction, decreasing lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NY15 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 4793cfe4-f578-11eb-8f20-001a4a160176 PMC7434904 We have also demonstrated that human placenta-purified Clever-1 can directly bind both B- and CD8 T cells, and to a lesser extent CD4 T cells from mouse spleen33and human peripheral blood.48Thus, it is possible that soluble Clever-1 can directly inhibit lymphocyte activation or transmigration by binding a yet unknown ligand on B- and CD8 T cells, and does not need immunosuppressive support from the type 2 macrophage. 1 UNIPROT:P51693 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein e961e61e-c996-11ee-9133-0050569a1f61 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101783 Toxic ASN are taken into the cell via dynamin-mediated endocytosis and heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and Amlyoid precursor like protein 1 (APLP1)-mediated uptake of the molecule from the cell surface. 1 UNIPROT:P32411 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 0dfe1c0e-3540-11e9-a756-001a4a160176 PMC5834686 Therefore, the observed sex differences in HLA-mediated shaping of the TCR repertoire could in part be caused or facilitated by the steroid hormone milieu, influencing lymphocyte activation during immune responses (32,45), but also their maturation during thymic selection (46). 1 MESH:D000241 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 883a6f3c-3531-11e8-8636-001a4a160175 24560904 Results Mice PPC with CCPA attenuates T cell proliferation It has been previously shown that adenosine downregulates lymphocyte activation[28]. 1 MESH:D000241 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype afe57ede-5c9a-11e7-9fde-001a4ae51247 26848550 Interestingly, adenosine also can inhibit lymphocyte activation and/or promote Treg expansion [62]. 1 MESH:D014777 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 21fd0498-bbf1-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.002 Introduction Viral infections induce lymphocyte activation, undifferentiated lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody or cytokine/lymphokine secretion. 1 MESH:D014777 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 02de9d92-bbfb-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC4678320 Additional mechanisms involved in the failure to maintain self-tolerance are polyclonal lymphocyte activation, again induced by several viral infections, and the emergence of ‘forbidden clones', as observed in lymphoproliferative diseases. 1 MESH:D018414 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype aaf29f8e-bc40-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.278 In addition, CD8+T-cell subsets such as CD8+CD25+, CD8+CD28−, or CD8+IL-10+can downregulate lymphocyte activation and proliferation[7,13–16]. 1 PF:PF03772 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 90e48f6e-ab17-11e6-8a7c-001a4ae51246 PMC5059652 H2Elevated the Lymphocyte Activation Rate Damaged by the LDLTR The LTT showed that, whether at the 180 min time point or at the 240 min, the very low dose of radiation (0.1 Gy and 0.5 Gy) elevated the cell viability (Figures10(a)and10(b)); by contrast, when the dose was raised up to 2 Gy, the competence of transformation of the cells decreased (Figure 10(b)). 1 FPLX:LFA:1 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 7501d7f2-c486-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 PMC3428404 "The ligation event causes the formation of a synapse facilitating events required for HIV-1 entry and resulting in LFA-1 activation, which induces lymphocyte activation and proliferation, further potentiating the formation of a focus of infection (1)." 1 UNIPROT:P14902 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 91479f28-bc34-11e5-ac4e-001a4ae51246 PMC3923728 Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme expressed by both the maternal decidua and fetal trophoblast and catabolites of the tryptophan metabolism such as kynurenine and picolinic acid can inhibit lymphocyte activation and have been shown to contribute to the Th2 bias and to tolerance induction and maintenance in pregnancy[7]. 1 UNIPROT:P14902 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 9ac5c8ca-351a-11e8-9fbf-001a4a160176 28639129 05 The Administration ofl-Kynurenine Impaired Liver Regeneration IDO1 catabolizesl-tryptophan tol-kynurenine, which suppresses lymphocyte activation and proliferation. 1 UNIPROT:O00585 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 642785be-c47f-11e5-9cc6-001a4ae51246 21149644 "To elucidate the mechanism of CCL21-mediated enhancement of lymphocyte activation and to investigate whether the TLR2 pathway plays any role in the tumor-suppressive effect of CCL21, we examined the influence of CCL21 on the IFN-γ production and cancer lysis of lymphocytesin vitroand tumor growth and mouse survivalin vivo, in the presence and absence of TLR2 signaling." 1 UNIPROT:O00585 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2c017fe6-c470-11e5-85e4-001a4ae51246 PMC2713469 First, in vitro assays showed that CCL19 and CCL21 indirectly contribute to lymphocyte activation by allowing efficient screening of rare Ag-bearing DCs.11,12DC-bound CCL21 was also found to sensitize CD4+T cells to pMHC complexes on neighboring DCs, correlating with efficient DC scanning of the leading edge of polarized T cells.17These observations support a role for CCR7 ligands in promoting efficient encounters with other cell types present in lymph nodes, such as DCs or B cells, through increased motility and scanning. 1 CHEBI:72544 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 5a7cb462-5c1d-11e7-86a3-001a4ae51246 PMC5582326 In addition, other studies have reported that flavonoids, such as baicalin and myricetin, may inhibit lymphocyte activation and proliferation [30], indicating that these flavonoids act asin vitroanti-inflammatory factors inhibiting lymphocyte activity; therefore, AFE is potentially an immunosuppressant. 1 MESH:D000077546 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Phenotype 6b597924-bc31-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC3832440 In addition, roscovitine reduced CD4+ lymphocyte activation and viability as evidenced by the data on OX40 and CD44 expression as well as annexin V/PI staining. 1 FPLX:LXR activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 7c29cf36-bc42-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC3852990 Furthermore, the reason for the lower efficacy of GW3965 in COPD patients compared to controls is unclear, but casts additional doubt on whether LXR activation would produce meaningful effects on lymphocyte activation in COPD. 1 UNIPROT:Q86VB7 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 12ba65f8-bc09-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.028 CD163 inhibits lymphocyte activation and proliferation[14,30,31], it can thus be argued that it may also protect against plaque rupture. 1 UNIPROT:Q13563 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 216f56b0-bbd9-11e5-8abe-001a4ae51246 PMC2995424 We therefore asked whether PKD2 catalytic activity is required to support normal lymphocyte activation responses. 1 UNIPROT:P26718 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein f172c3c0-67de-11e8-8367-001a4a160176 PMC5920230 Through recognizing ligands expressed on infected or tumor cells, NKG2D modulates lymphocyte activation and promotes the immune response, which kills the ligand-expressing cells (29–31). 1 UNIPROT:P26718 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 056d742e-3404-11e8-a51f-001a4a160176 26474544 By recognizing ligands on tumor cells, NKG2D modulates lymphocyte activation and promotes immunity by eliminating ligand-expressing cells[66]. 1 UNIPROT:Q9NR96 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein efa6461a-da8e-11ee-b346-0050569a791b 10.1007/s11095-018-2355-z The Effects of PEG Conjugations on CpG ActivitiesIn VitroandIn Vivo The CpG and CpG-PEG ODNs with various chain lengths were added to freshly isolated mouse splenocytes and their activities in TLR9 mediated lymphocyte activation were evaluated by measuring IL-6 expression levels in the supernatants (21). 1 PF:PF06297 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 ProteinFamily 38390e3c-bbd3-11e5-956b-001a4ae51247 PMC3110855 Fortunately, careful history documentation revealed the vaccination before PET scanning, which might have caused inflammation, with local lymphocyte activation and proliferation for antigen processing. 1 UNIPROT:Q12918 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Protein 2bd57c04-c47d-11e5-8491-001a4ae51247 PMC2840308 CD161 triggering may inhibit lymphocyte activation (41,43), although its impact on TC17 functions has not been examined. 1 PUBCHEM:25063347 inhibits lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical 7de3ad16-bc00-11e5-9b9d-001a4ae51247 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.025 Eosinophil recruitment to the lung in asthma is primarily a consequence of Th2 lymphocyte activation, which was reduced by RvE1, as shown by the lower levels of Th2 cytokine in BAL fluid and the decreased number of lymphocytes in both BAL fluid and lung tissue. 1 CHEBI:28197 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical a1f3b332-bc45-11e5-8d2d-001a4ae51247 PMC2984117 Modulation of immune function The isoflavone daidzein administered orally stimulated murine nonspecific immunity, activated hormoral immunity, enhanced cell-mediated immunity, and at physiologically relevant concentrations potentiated lymphocyte activation, suggesting that its immunostimulatory effects may be involved in cancer prevention (Birtet al.,2001). 1 CHEBI:30778 activates lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 Chemical f1def77c-df1b-11e6-8f7f-001a4ae51246 PMC5240344 Since GA has been shown to be antigenic and stimulate T cells6, we next explored the possibility whether down-regulation of STAT phosphorylation could be due to the GA-triggered glial activation or lymphocyte activation.